Hamas/Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

The Hamas-Israel War is considered the deadliest period of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, with widespread rocket exchanges and destruction affecting civilians on both sides. As of December 2025, the Hamas-Israel War has expanded across the region, with Israel carrying out military strikes on Hamas-linked targets in Lebanon, Syria, Yemen, Iran, and Qatar. Ceasefire negotiations remain ongoing as both sides continue to disagree on terms involving disarmament and troop withdrawal. A temporary, albeit fragile, ceasefire has been in place since October 2025, offering a reduction in large-scale violence and the release of some hostages.

Leaders

Ismail Haniyeh

Chief of Political Bureau, former deputy leader of Hamas, Hamas’s former prime minister of Gaza, former prime minister of the Palestinian Authority (deceased)

Khaled Meshaal

Head of Hamas’s Diaspora Office; Deputy Leader; Former Chief of Hamas’s Political Bureau

Yahya Sinwar

Chair of Hamas's Political Bureau (deceased)

Saleh al-Arouri

Deputy chair of Hamas’s political bureau; West Bank leader (deceased)

Moussa Mohammed Abu Marzouk

Member of Hamas’s Political Bureau; deputy leader of Diaspora Office

Mohammed Deif

Chief of Hamas's military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades (deceased)

Ziad al-Nakhalah

Secretary-General

Ramadan Abdullah Shallah

Former Secretary-General (deceased)

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