This paper argues that current responses to violence-oriented antisemitic acts remain incident-led and do not focus sufficiently on the professionalized and organized actors who drive, coordinate, finance, and amplify the most serious threats. To close this gap, this paper proposes to differentiate between “general” and “organized” antisemitism for more effective preventive and repressive responses and measures. In addition, this paper proposes the operational use of a separate analytical threat category “violence-oriented antisemitic extremism (VAE)”.

Author: Alexander Ritzmann

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