Violent activity by the Houthis has consisted mainly of armed rebellion against the Yemeni government, leading to clashes with security forces. Thousands have been killed and displaced as a result of the fighting. The Houthis also briefly fought Saudi forces on the northern border in late 2009, and have battled al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) for several years. In October 2016, the rebels took direct action against the United States by conducting a series of failed missile attacks against the U.S. Navy presence in the region.Ryan Browne and Angela Dewan, “US strikes Yemen after missiles launched on warship,” CNN, October 13, 2016, http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/12/politics/pentagon-us-strikes-hit-radar-sites-in-yemen/. The Houthis had previously kidnapped several American citizens, including a teacher, journalist, humanitarian aid worker.“American English teacher detained in Yemen, officials say,” Fox News, September 22, 2016, http://www.foxnews.com/world/2016/09/22/american-english-teacher-detained-in-yemen-officials-say.html; Jay Solomon, U.S. Met Secretly With Yemen Rebels,” Wall Street Journal, June 1, 2015, http://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-citizen-held-hostage-in-yemen-released-by-houthi-rebels-1433178829; Houthi Rebels Free 5 Hostages Including 2 Americans, in Yemen,” Voice of America, September 20, 2015, http://www.voanews.com/a/houthi-rebels-free-five-hostages-including-two-americans-in-yemen/2971468.html. U.S. ships are not the only vessels the rebels have targeted. Prior to the attacks on the U.S. Navy, a UAE civilian ship was damaged by Houthi missiles that same month.“Yemen conflict: UAE says Houthis attacked civilian ship,” BBC News, October 5, 2016, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-37561749. Starting in 2017, the Houthis have repeatedly attacked Saudi Arabia with missiles and drones, and have ramped up strikes in 2019, often targeting Saudi airports and oil fields.Dion Nissenbaum and Warren P. Strobel, “Mideast Insurgents Enter the Age of Drone Warfare,” Wall Street Journal, May 2, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/mideast-insurgents-enter-the-age-of-drone-warfare-11556814441?mod=article_inline; Jared Malsin, “Iran-Allied Houthis Expose Holes in Saudi Arabia’s Missile Defense,” Wall Street Journal, June 25, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/iran-allied-houthis-expose-holes-in-saudi-arabias-missile-defense-11561455002?redirect=amp#click=https://t.co/UFfZ7eqUCa.

• 2003: Hussein al-Houthi opposes Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh’s cooperation with the United States in its war on terror and invasion of Iraq. He and his supporters later resist arrest by Yemeni forces, provoking conflict.Charles Schmitz, “The Huthi Ascent to Power,” Middle East Institute, September 15, 2014, http://www.mei.edu/content/at/huthi-ascent-power.
• June–August 2004: Fighting breaks out in Yemen’s north between troops and Shiite insurgents led by Hussein al-Houthi. The clashes kill hundreds.“Yemen Profile – Timeline,” BBC News, June 16, 2015, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14704951.
• 2004–2010: The Houthis wage a series of insurgencies against the government of Ali Abdullah Saleh.Associated Press, “Shiite Rebels Make New Demands to Yemen,” New York Times, August 25, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/26/world/middleeast/shiite-rebels-make-new-demands-to-yemen.html.
• March–April 2005: Renewed fighting between Yemeni forces and Hussein al-Houthi supporters kills more than 200.“Yemen Profile – Timeline,” BBC News, June 16, 2015, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14704951;
  “Yemen’s Abd-al-Malik al-Houthi,” BBC Monitoring, October 3, 2014, http://www.bbc.co.uk/monitoring/yemens-abd-almalik-alhouthi.
• January–March 2007: Fighting between Yemeni security forces and Houthi rebels in the north kill or wound dozens.“Yemen Profile – Timeline,” BBC News, June 16, 2015, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14704951.-al-Malik al-Houthi,” BBC Monitoring, October 3, 2014, http://www.bbc.co.uk/monitoring/yemens-abd-almalik-alhouthi. Houthi rebels threaten Yemen’s Jewish population in Saada, forcing many to relocate to Sanaa.Roee Nahmias, “Yemenite Jews under threat,” Ynetnews, January 22, 2007, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3355506,00.html;
  Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, and Madeleine Wells, Regime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon (Santa Monica: RAND Corporation, 2010), 257, http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2010/RAND_MG962.pdf.
• January 2008: Fighting renews between the Houthis and Yemeni forces.“Yemen Profile – Timeline,” BBC News, June 16, 2015, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14704951.
• April 2008: Men allegedly associated with the Houthi movement destroy a Jewish family’s home.Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, and Madeleine Wells, Regime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon (Santa Monica: RAND Corporation, 2010), 257, http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2010/RAND_MG962.pdf.
• May 2, 2008: A bomb explodes outside a mosque in northern Yemen, killing at least 12 and wounding at least 44.Robert F. Worth, “At Least 12 Killed in Bombing at Yemeni Mosque,” New York Times, May 3, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/03/world/middleeast/03yemen.html. Yemeni officials hold Houthi rebels accountable for the attack -- the first attack by the group that deliberately targets civilians.Robert F. Worth, “At Least 12 Killed in Bombing at Yemeni Mosque,” New York Times, May 3, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/03/world/middleeast/03yemen.html. Houthi leader Abdul-Malik al-Houthi denies any connection to the bombing.Robert F. Worth, “At Least 12 Killed in Bombing at Yemeni Mosque,” New York Times, May 3, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/03/world/middleeast/03yemen.html.
• June 2009: Houthis deny responsibility for the abduction of nine foreigners—three of whom are killed—in Saada region, a stronghold.“Foreigners Kidnapped in Yemen,” Al Jazeera, June 14, 2009, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2009/06/200961453254571859.html. Some media speculate the involvement of al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) following the arrest of a supporter accused of financing the group.
• October 2009: Clashes erupt between the Houthis and Saudi security forces along Yemen’s northern border. The Houthis accuse Saudi Arabia of supporting the Yemeni government in attacks against them, which the Saudi government denies.“Yemen Profile – Timeline,” BBC News, June 16, 2015, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14704951.
• November 3, 2009: Houthi rebels open fire on Saudi border guards, killing two and injuring at least 10.Robert F. Worth, “Yemeni Rebels and Saudis Clash at Border,” New York Times, November 6, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/07/world/middleeast/07yemen.html;
  Robert F. Worth, “Saudis’ Efforts to Swat Rebels From Yemen Risk Inflaming Larger Conflict,” New York Times, November 12, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/13/world/middleeast/13saudi.html.
• January–February 2010: More than 130 Saudi soldiers are killed by Houthis in fighting along the border between Yemen and Saudi Arabia.Robert F. Worth, “Yemen’s Government Agrees to a Cease-Fire With Rebel Forces,” New York Times, February 11, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/12/world/middleeast/12yemen.html.
• July 17, 2010: Houthis kill 11 Yemeni soldiers and government-aligned tribesmen, sparking a heightened wave of violence.“Ministry Says Houthis Killed 11 Including 3 Security in Saada,” Yemen Post, July 17, 2010, http://www.yemenpost.net/Detail123456789.aspx?ID=3&SubID=2414.
• December 2010: Yemen says 3,000 soldiers were killed in recent fighting with Houthi rebels.“Yemen Profile – Timeline,” BBC News, June 16, 2015, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14704951.
• Late March 2011: Houthis advance on Saada, causing the governor and other officials to flee the city. Houthi rebels install Faris Manna, believed to be the country’s most powerful arms dealer, as governor of the province.Laura Kasinoff and Robert F. Worth, “Factory Explosion Follows Yemeni Forces’ Pullout,” New York Times, March 28, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/29/world/middleeast/29yemen.html.
• June 1, 2011: Houthis kill five Sunni tribesmen in northern Yemen.Nasser Arrabyee and Robert F. Worth, “Fighting Spreads in Yemen, Raising Fear of Civil War,” New York Times, June 1, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/02/world/middleeast/02yemen.html.
• November–December 2011: Clashes erupt between Houthis and Salafists on the outskirts of Saada.Kareem Fahim, “Yemeni Uprising Opens a Door to Besieged Rebels in the North,” New York Times, December 16, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/17/world/middleeast/yemeni-uprising-opens-a-door-to-besieged-rebels-in-the-north.html.
• October 2013–January 2014: Houthis launch an attack on Salafists in the town of Damaj, resulting in the death of over 100, at least 210 according to a Salafi spokesman.“At Least 55 Die as Rival Sects Clash in Yemen,” New York Times, November 2, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/03/world/middleeast/yemen.html;
  Reuters, “North Yemen Strife Has Killed at Least 210, Salafis Say,” New York Times, January 13, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2014/01/13/world/middleeast/13reuters-yemen-fighting-death.html.
• January 20, 2014: Clashes between Houthis and pro-Salafist Sunnis in the north kill 12. “Clashes Between Rival Sects in Northern Yemen Kill 12,” Reuters, January 20, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/20/us-yemen-fighting-idUSBREA0J0F120140120.
• February 2, 2014: The Houthis, reportedly joined by tribes aligned with former president Ali Abdullah Saleh, and attack tribal forces in Amran province.Hakim Almasmari, “Rebels Overrun Tribal Stronghold in Yemen,” CNN, February 2, 2014, http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/02/world/meast/yemen-unrest/.
• February 28, 2014: Houthis attack a security checkpoint after a protest against the government, killing three soldiers and wounding four.“At Least 13 Killed in North Yemen Clashes-Security Source,” Reuters, March 1, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/01/us-yemen-violence-idUSBREA2003J20140301.
• March 6-9, 2014: Fighting erupts between Houthis and Sunni tribesmen, killing at least 40.“At Least 40 Killed in Yemen as Houthi Fighters Near Capital,” Reuters, March 9, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/09/us-yemen-clash-idUSBREA2805920140309. Houthi fighters blow up a religious center in Hamdan on March 9.“At Least 40 Killed in Yemen as Houthi Fighters Near Capital,” Reuters, March 9, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/09/us-yemen-clash-idUSBREA2805920140309.
• March 13, 2014: Houthis attack an army base near Sanaa, killing two soldiers.“Two Yemeni Soldiers Killed as Houthi Fighters Hit Army Base,” New York Times, March 13, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/13/us-yemen-clashes-idUSBREA2C0SI20140313.
• May 2014: Houthis and Sunni tribesmen clash near Sanaa, killing at least 40.“At Least Eight Dead in Fresh Fighting in Yemen-Officials,” Reuters, May 21, 2014, http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/05/21/uk-yemen-violence-idINKBN0E10PK20140521.
• May 20, 2014: Houthis attack Yemeni security outposts near Oman; seven Yemeni soldiers and nine Houthis are killed.“At Least Eight Dead in Fresh Fighting in Yemen-Officials,” Reuters, May 21, 2014, http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/05/21/uk-yemen-violence-idINKBN0E10PK20140521.
• May 29, 2014: Houthis attack a checkpoint and two other locations, killing five tribesmen.Associated Press, “Rebels and Tribesmen Clash in Yemen,” New York Times, May 30, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/31/world/middleeast/rebels-and-tribesmen-clash-in-yemen.html.
• June 18, 2014: Houthi fighters advance toward the capital, clashing with Yemeni forces 25 miles outside of Sanaa.“Yemeni Soldiers Clash With Shi’ite Rebels Near Capital: Official,” Reuters, June 18, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/18/us-yemen-clashes-idUSKBN0ET1EZ20140618.
• July 5, 2014: The cease-fire between the government and the Houthis collapses and Yemen’s air force bombs Houthi fighters in northern Yemen, killing 70 people.“Yemen Bombs Shi’ite Rebels After Truce Collapses, 70 Killed,” Reuters, July 5, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/05/us-yemen-houthis-idUSKBN0FA0BU20140705.
• July 8, 2014: At least 100 are killed and 150 wounded as the Houthis capture Omran.“Yemeni Shi'ites Capture City After Fighting Kills 200,” Reuters, July 8, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/08/us-yemen-houthis-omran-idUSKBN0FD1IN20140708;
  “Yemen Army Continues Fight in North and Is Attacked in South,” Reuters, July 6, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/06/us-yemen-houthis-idUSKBN0FB0DF20140706.
• August 30, 2014: Houthis kill at least ten soldiers and local militia fighters in clashes.“At Least Ten Dead in Clashes as Yemen’s Houthi Rebels Try to Seize Key Road,” New York Times, August 30, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/30/us-yemen-security-idUSKBN0GU0I220140830.
• September 20, 2014: The Houthis shell the official state television building, setting it ablaze and ultimately capturing it.Shuaib Almosawa, “U.N. Reports Yemen Deal With Rebels,” New York Times, September 20, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/21/world/middleeast/peace-talks-with-rebels-falter-in-yemen.html. Sanaa residents claim that Houthis control several other government sites, including the prime minister’s buildings and an army command center.“Houthi Rebels Sign Deal with Yemen Parties to Form New Government,” Reuters, September 21, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/21/us-yemen-security-idUSKBN0HG04T20140921.
• December 2014: Yemeni and Iranian officials claim that Iran is supplying Houthi rebels with weapons, money, and training.Yara Bayoumy and Mohammed Ghobari, “Iranian support seen crucial for Yemen’s Houthis,” Reuters, December 15, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/15/us-yemen-houthis-iran-insight-idUSKBN0JT17A20141215.
• December 13, 2014: AQAP militants kill at least 30 Houthi fighters as they battle for control of the city of Radaa.“Houthis suffer losses in battle for Radaa,” Al Jazeera, December 13, 2014, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/12/houthis-suffer-losses-battle-radaa-20141213112213101366.html.
• February 2015: The Houthis seize power and announce that a transitional five-member presidential council will replace President Hadi, drawing protest from the U.N. Security Council.“Yemen's Houthis form own government in Sanaa,” Al Jazeera, February 6, 2015, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/02/yemen-houthi-rebels-announce-presidential-council-150206122736448.html.
• March 19, 2015: Warplanes target the president’s palace in Aden, where President Hadi had sought refuge since fleeing Sanaa.Agence France-Presse, “Yemen president flees palace after jet attack,” Yahoo News, March 19, 2015, http://news.yahoo.com/yemen-president-evacuated-air-raid-targets-palace-142034589.html.
• April 2, 2015: Houthi fighters take control of Aden’s central Crater neighborhood and fight their way into a presidential residence nearby.Mohammed Mukhashaf, “Yemen’s Houthis Seize Central Aden District, Presidential Site,” Reuters, April 2, 2015, http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/03/us-yemen-security-aden-idUSKBN0MT0G820150403.
• May 12-14, 2015: The Houthis accept a five-day humanitarian cease-fire, but are accused of violating the truce within 24 hours.“Houthis Accused of Violating Yemen’s Ceasefire,” Al Jazeera, May 14, 2015, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/05/houthis-accused-violating-yemen-ceasefire-150514080337429.html.
• May 29, 2015: The Houthis continue to battle for control of Aden.“Fighters battle Houthis in Yemen's southern city of Aden,” Reuters, May 29, 2015, http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/05/29/uk-yemen-security-idUKKBN0OE0ZW20150529. They detain at least four Americans in the country’s capital.Kareem Fahim, “U.S. Citizens Held in Yemen by Houthis,” New York Times, May 31, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/01/world/middleeast/us-citizens-held-in-yemen-by-houthis.html?_r=0.
• June 1, 2015: The Houthis release one American detainee, Casey Coombs. At least three other Americans are still being held captive by the Houthis.Elise Labott and Khushbu Shah, “One American held in Yemen released,” CNN, June 2, 2015, http://www.cnn.com/2015/06/01/politics/yemen-four-americans-held-houthis/.
• June 6, 2015: Houthi rebels fire a Scud missile into Saudi Arabia from Yemen in apparent retaliation for two months of Saudi and coalition airstrikes. Abdullah al-Shihri, “Houthi rebels fire Scud missile from Yemen into Saudi Arabia,” Washington Post, June 6, 2015, http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/houthi-rebels-fire-scud-missile-from-yemen-into-saudi-arabia/2015/06/06/00e39c44-0c89-11e5-a7ad-b430fc1d3f5c_story.html.
• December 1, 2015: Houthis attempt and fail to seize Saudi territory near the border with Yemen.“Dozens of Houthis killed in Najran misadventure,” Arab News, December 1, 2015, http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/843751.
• December 14, 2015: In one of the deadliest attacks to date, Houthis launch a missile into Taez province, killing at least 146 people.Nabih Bulos and Zaid al-Alayaa, “In Yemen, Houthi rebel missile strike kills dozens in Saudi-led force,” Los Angeles Times, December 14, 2015, http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-yemen-attack-20151215-story.html.
• December 18-22, 2015: Houthi rebels fire four rockets into Saudi territory. Three are shot down, though one hits a desert area east of Najran city on December 18.“Saudi forces warn of harsh response to latest Houthi rocket attack,” Middle East Eye, December 22, 2015, http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-forces-warn-harsh-response-latest-houthi-rocket-attack-2075951606.
• December 25, 2015: Houthi rebels launch a failed attack on Yemeni forces stationed near Jabal Al Salb.“Yemen loyalists inflict heavy losses on rebels in Sanaa,” The National, updated December 26, 2015, http://www.thenational.ae/world/middle-east/yemen-loyalists-inflict-heavy-losses-on-rebels-in-sanaa.
• January 7, 2016: Houthi forces repel a Saudi Arabian attack at Tawwal border-crossing, killing an estimated 40-60 Saudi troops.Leith Fadel, “Saudi casualties mount as Houthis repel border attack,” AlMasdar News, January 7, 2016, https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/saudi-casualties-mount-as-the-houthis-repel-the-border-attack/.
• May 2016 – July 2016: Houthi forces attack Saudi and Yemeni targets along the Yemen border and across the Yemen-Saudi border, collectively killing at least 40 individuals. On May 1, Houthi rebels attack and seize a Saudi military base north of the capital of Sanaa, killing several soldiers guarding the base.Mohammed Ghobari, “Yemen officials say peace talks suspended after Houthis seize base,” Reuters, May 1, 2016, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-idUSKCN0XS0WT. On May 8, Houthi rebels conduct a failed missile attack across the Saudi border, violating a truce agreement. Saudi forces intercept the missile and do not retaliate to maintain the truce.“Saudi intercepts missile from Yemen but truce holds,” Reuters, May 9, 2016, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-saudi-idUSKCN0Y021U. Later that month, Houthi rebels and Arab coalition forces clash in southern Yemen, killing 48 individuals, including 28 rebels and 20 coalition soldiers.“Houthi-government clashes leave 48 dead in southern Yemen, military says,” Middle East Eye, May 29, 2016, http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/south-yemen-houthi-government-clashes-kill-48-military-says-327247643. On June 3, Houthi rebels launched rockets at the western city of Taiz, killing at least 17 civilians, including 10 women and a girl, in a busy marketplace.“17 civilians killed by Houthi rocket fire on market in Taiz,” Saudi Gazette, June 5, 2016, http://saudigazette.com.sa/world/mena/17-civilians-killed-houthi-rocket-fire-market-taiz/. During the first week of July, Houthi militants fire a missile towards the southern Saudi city of Abha. Saudi forces intercept the missile, leaving no casualties.“Saudi Arabia intercepts Houthi ballistic missile fired into kingdom,” The New Arab, July 4, 2016, https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2016/7/4/saudi-arabia-intercepts-houthi-ballistic-missile-fired-into-kingdom. They also fire a rocket into Yemen’s border town of Marib, killing seven children and wounding 25 other civilians. “Houthi rockets kill seen children in Yemen’s Marib,” The New Arab, July 6, 2016, https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2016/7/5/houthi-rockets-kill-seven-children-in-yemens-marib. On July 25, Houthi forces launch a ballistic missile into the Saudi Ahad Al-Masarihah Military Camp along the Yemen border, destroying several armored vehicles and killing a large number of soldiers.Leith Fadel, “Houthi forces launch first ballistic missile into Saudi Arabia,” Al Masdar News, July 25, 2016, https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/houthi-forces-launch-first-ballistic-missile-saudi-arabia/.
• July 28, 2016 - August 3, 2016: Houthi militants abduct and murder four tribal sheikhs from Yemen’s Al Bayda province. The bodies display evidence of torture before they were each shot in the head.Mohammed Al Qalisi, “Bodies found of Yemeni tribal leaders abducted by Houthis,” The National, August 3, 2016, http://www.thenational.ae/world/middle-east/bodies-found-of-yemeni-tribal-leaders-abducted-by-houthis.
• August 2016 – September 2016: Houthi forces continue to launch missiles into Saudi Arabia and continue to clash with Saudi and Arab coalition forces along the Saudi-Yemen border. On August 2, UAE forces foil a Houthi forces offensive attempting to recapture strategic locations in Yemen’s southcentral province of Shabwa, killing 30 militants.Saeed Al Batati, “42 killed in foiled Al Houthi attack in southern Yemen,” Gulf News, August 2, 2016, http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/yemen/42-killed-in-foiled-al-houthi-attack-in-southern-yemen-1.1872615. On August 10, Houthi forces launch two intercepted missiles targeting the southern Saudi city of Abha in a failed attack.“Saudi Arabia intercepts two Houthi ballistic missiles,” The New Arab, August 10, 2016, https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2016/8/10/saudi-arabia-intercepts-two-houthi-ballistic-missiles. The next day, Saudi forces kill Iranian-backed Houthi leader Saleh al-Houthi Mouawad Kibsi and 40 other Houthi militants near the kingdom’s southwestern border with Yemen.“Houthi leader, 40 militias killed near Saudi border,” Al-Arabiya, August 11, 2016, http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/08/11/Houthi-leader-40-militias-killed-near-Saudi-border-.html. Throughout the rest of the month and into September, Houthi forces continue to launch missiles into Saudi Arabia’s southern provinces, killing at least 10 civilians.“Houthi shelling kills civilians in Saudi border city,” Al Jazeera, August 17, 2016, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/08/houthi-shelling-kills-civilians-saudi-border-city-160816194418112.html; “Yemen’s Houthi Forces Claim Missile Hit On Saudi Aramco Oil Facilities,” Yahoo Finance, August 26, 2016, http://finance.yahoo.com/news/yemen-houthi-forces-claim-missile-152436575.html; “Three-year-old killed in cross-border Houthi attack on Saudi Arabia,” The New Arab, August 28, 2016, https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2016/8/27/three-year-old-killed-in-cross-border-houthi-attack-on-saudi-arabia; “Yemen Houthi Rocket Attack Kills Two Girls in Saudi Arabia,” Wall Street Journal, August 28, 2016, http://www.wsj.com/articles/yemen-houthi-rocket-attack-kills-two-girls-in-saudi-arabia-1472415740. On September 4, Houthi rebels attack the Saudi border towns of Midi and Haradh, killing between 40 and 50 individuals, including government soldiers.“Dozens killed in Houthi assault close to Saudi border,” The New Arab, September 5, 2016, https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2016/9/5/dozens-killed-in-houthi-assault-close-to-saudi-border. A week later, Houthi rebels claim they captured a Saudi military post in the border region of Jizan. The Saudi military denies these claims.“Yemen’s Houthi Rebels Claim They Captured post Inside Saudi Arabia,” Associated Press, September 16, 2016, http://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/1.742235.
• September 21, 2016: Suspected Houthi rebels in the Island of Hanish and Zagar attack the Eritrean international airport and Navy headquarters in Assab, a port city in the Southern Red Sea region of Eritrea. The mortar attack causes damage to the sites.“Yemen’s Houthi forces attack Eritrea’s Airport, Navy base: rebels,” Sudan Tribune, September 22, 2016, http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article60311.
• September 24, 2016: Arab coalition forces kill head of Houthi Special Forces Major-General Hassan Almalsi while he and a squad of Houthi fighters were attempting to infiltrate Saudi Arabia’s southern province of Najran.“Coalition forces kill Houthi general on Saudi-Yemen border: sources,” Reuters, September 24, 2016, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-general-idUSKCN11U0KG.
• October 9, 2016 – October 13, 2016: Houthis are believed to be behind a series of attacks against the U.S. Navy, leading the United States to engage the rebels directly for the first time since the crisis began launching counter-attacks in Houthi-held areas. On October 9, suspected Houthi rebels fire a pair of missiles in a failed attack on the U.S. Navy destroyer USS Mason near the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.Courtney Kube and Phil Helsel, “U.S. Launches Strikes in Yemen After Missiles Aimed at American Ships,” NBC News, October 13, 2016, http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/us-launches-strikes-in-yemen-after-missiles-aimed-at-american-ships/ar-AAiT7zO?li=BBmkt5R&ocid=spartandhp. On October 12, the Houthis are allegedly behind another failed missile attack on the Mason. The U.S. Navy launches Tomahawk cruise missiles against Houthi-controlled radar sites along the Yemeni coast.Courtney Kube and Phil Helsel, “U.S. Launches Strikes in Yemen After Missiles Aimed at American Ships,” NBC News, October 13, 2016, http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/us-launches-strikes-in-yemen-after-missiles-aimed-at-american-ships/ar-AAiT7zO?li=BBmkt5R&ocid=spartandhp;
  Phil Stewart, “U.S. military strikes Yemen after missile attacks on U.S. Navy ship,” Reuters, October 13, 2016, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-missiles-idUSKCN12C294.
• October 27, 2016: Houthis launch a ballistic missile toward the Islamic holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia, according to a statement by the Saudi-led coalition. Houthis confirm that they had launched a missile into Saudi Arabia but claim that they had been aiming for King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah.“Yemen's Houthis launch missile toward Saudi holy city, coalition says,” Reuters, October 28, 2016, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-missiles-idUSKCN12S016.
• November 19, 2016: The Houthis are accused by a Saudi general of launching a ballistic missile at the eastern Saudi province of Marib, in violation of a cease-fire.“Houthi missile and Saudi-led air strikes strain Yemen truce,” Reuters, November 19, 2016, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-ceasefire-idUSKBN13E05D.
• January 30, 2017: Houthis attack a Saudi ship off the coast of Yemen, allegedly ramming into the ship and causing an explosion, killing two crew members and injuring three. Separately, the group launches a ballistic missile on a Saudi military base on the Red Sea island of Zuqar. Rockets also hit and damage U.N. offices in southern Saudi Arabia in an attack Saudi Arabia attributed to Houthis.“Yemen's Houthis attack Saudi ship, launch ballistic missile,” Reuters, January 31, 2017, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-saudi-idUSKBN15E2KE;
  Ahmed al-Haj, “Saudi Arabia says Yemen Rebel Boat Rams Frigate in Red Sea,” Associated Press, January 30, 2017, http://staging.hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/M/ML_YEMEN?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2017-01-30-17-19-24;
  “Rockets hit U.N. Yemen ceasefire office in Saudi Arabia,” Reuters, January 30, 2017, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-security-yemen-idUSKBN15E1LZ.
• December 2-4, 2017: On December 2, former President Ali Abdullah Saleh offers to “turn a new page” with the Saudi-led coalition fighting against Houthi forces if the Saudis end their month-long blockade of the country. Saleh’s supporters had until then fought alongside Houthi rebels, but the Houthis view Saleh’s offer as a betrayal and fighting breaks out between the rebels and Saleh’s loyalists. At least 125 people are killed and 238 are wounded in the fighting. On December 4, Houthi forces stop Saleh at a checkpoint as he is trying to leave Sanaa and kill the former president. The Houthi-controlled Interior Ministry announces Saleh’s death later in the day. Saleh’s General People’s Congress party confirms he was killed by a sniper. Houthi forces also announce that they had blown up Saleh’s home in Sanaa.Hakim Almasmari, Tamara Qiblawi, and Hilary Clarke, “Yemen's former President Ali Abdullah Saleh killed trying to flee Sanaa,” CNN, December 4, 2017, http://www.cnn.com/2017/12/04/middleeast/yemen-former-president-ali-abdullah-saleh-killed-intl/index.html; “Ali Abdullah Saleh, Yemen's former leader, killed in Sanaa,” BBC News, December 4, 2017, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42225574; Marwan Bishara, “Analysis: Yemen's ex-president Saleh's killing was ‘revenge,’” Al Jazeera, December 4, 2017, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/12/analysis-yemens-ex-president-salehs-killing-revenge-171204135213663.html; Faisal Edroos, “How did Yemen's Houthi-Saleh alliance collapse?” Al Jazeera, December 4, 2017, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/12/yemen-houthi-saleh-alliance-collapse-171204070831956.html; Sami Aboudi and Noah Browning, “Exiled son of Yemen's Saleh takes up anti-Houthi cause,” Reuters, December 4, 2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security/exiled-son-of-yemens-saleh-takes-up-anti-houthi-cause-idUSKBN1DY12V?il=0.
• December 19, 2017: The Houthis target Al Yamama royal palace in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia with a missile. Saudi forces says it intercepted the missile.“Saudi forces intercept Riyadh-bound Houthi missile,” Al Jazeera, December 19, 2017, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/12/saudi-led-forces-intercept-riyadh-bound-houthi-missile-171219111554679.html.
• January 8, 2018: The Houthis release a video that they claim shows the rebels shooting down a Royal Saudi Air Force F-15S over Yemen. Saudi Arabia confirms the crash but says it is due to “technical errors.”Tyler Rogoway and Josheph Trevithick, “Houthi Rebels Release FLIR Video Showing Shoot Down of Saudi F-15S Over Yemen (Updated),” The Drive, January 8, 2018, http://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/17486/houthi-rebels-release-flir-video-showing-shoot-down-of-saudi-f-15s.
• January 30, 2018: The Houthis launch a ballistic missile at Saudi Arabia’s King Abdullah Airport.“Yemen's Houthis attack Saudi airport by firing ballistic missile,” Xinhua, January 30, 3018, http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-01/30/c_136936470.htm.
• March 25, 2018: Houthi rebels fire seven modified scud missiles at Saudi Arabia. Four missiles target air defense and military bases in the cities of Abha, Jizan, and Najran. Three missiles target Riyadh, killing one civilian.“Why did the Houthis attack Riyadh?,” Al Jazeera, March 29, 2018, https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/houthis-attack-saudi-arabia-riyadh-180329111527303.html.
• April 3, 2018: The Houthis claim to damage a coalition warship near Hodeidah while Saudi Arabia claims the group targeted an oil tanker, causing only minor damage to the ship.Sami Aboudey and Stephanie Nebehay, “Saudi oil tanker hit in Houthi attack off Yemen: coalition,” Reuters, April 3, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-attack/saudi-oil-tanker-hit-in-houthi-attack-off-yemen-coalition-idUSKCN1HA1RT.
• April 11, 2018: The Houthis launch a ballistic missile at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and claim to conduct a drone attack on a Saudi Aramco oil refinery in Jizan province.“Yemen's Houthi rebels fire ballistic missile at Saudi capital,” Al Jazeera, April 11, 2018, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/04/yemen-houthi-rebels-fire-ballistic-missile-saudi-capital-180411153418562.html; “Yemen’s Houthis say launched drone attack on Saudi Aramco facility,” CNBC, April 11, 2018, https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/11/saudi-aramco-says-jizan-facilities-safe-after-houthis-claim-attack.html.
• April 28, 2018: The Houthis launch eight ballistic missiles at Saudi Arabia’s Jizan province. Four missiles are intercepted and one Saudi national is killed.“Yemen strike kills 38 Houthis including two commanders: Saudi TV,” Al Jazeera, April 28, 2018, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/04/strike-kills-38-yemen-houtis-including-commanders-saudi-tv-180428070817220.html.
• May 9, 2018: The Houthis fire multiple missiles at Riyadh targeting “economic centers.” At least four blasts are heard throughout the city.Sarah Dadouch and Noah Browning, “Iran-aligned Houthis in Yemen fire missiles at Saudi capital,” Reuters, May 9, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-security/iran-aligned-houthis-in-yemen-fire-missiles-at-saudi-capital-idUSKBN1IA100.
• May 10, 2018: The Houthis are suspected of targeting and damaging a Turkish cargo ship delivering 50,000 tons of wheat to the Yemeni port of Salif.Jonathan Saul, “Ship carrying wheat to Yemen hit by missile: EU navy force,” Reuters, May 23, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-shipping/ship-carrying-wheat-to-yemen-hit-by-missile-eu-navy-force-idUSKCN1IO2T0.
• June 10, 2018: The Houthis launch a missile at Saudi Arabia’s Jizan province, killing three civilians.“Saudi Arabia: Houthi missile attack kills three in Jizan,” Al Jazeera, June 10, 2018, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/06/saudi-arabia-houthi-missile-attack-kills-jizan-180610063557173.html.
• June 13, 2018: The Houthis strike a UAE naval vessel with two missiles near Hodeidah. The attack occurs during a Saudi-led operation to recapture the port city.“UAE Navy vessel on fire after Houthi attack off Yemen,” Naval Today, June 14, 2018, https://navaltoday.com/2018/06/14/uae-navy-vessel-on-fire-after-houthi-attack-off-yemen/.
• July 18, 2018: The Houthis claim to have attacked a Saudi Aramco refinery in Riyadh with a drone. The oil company denies this claim, stating that the fire at the facility was caused by “an operational incident.”“Yemen’s Houthis say they attacked Aramco refinery in Riyadh with drone,” Reuters, July 18, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-aramco/yemens-houthis-say-they-attacked-aramco-refinery-in-riyadh-with-drone-idUSKBN1K8262.
• July 25, 2018: The Houthis slightly damage a Saudi oil tanker in the Red Sea.“Houthi fighters attack Saudi ship off Yemen's coast,” Al Jazeera, July 25, 2018, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/07/houthi-fighters-attack-saudi-ship-yemen-coast-180725180437447.html.
• August 4, 2018: The Houthis claim to conduct a drone attack against a Saudi military base in the country’s Asir province.“Yemen’s Houthi rebels claim drone attacks on Saudi military base,” Xinhua, August 4, 2018, http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-08/04/c_137368289.htm.
• August 6, 2018: Houthi rebels launch a missile at the Saudi city of Najran. The missile is intercepted by Saudi air defense systems and no casualties are reported.“One killed and 11 wounded in Houthi missile attack on Saudi Arabia,” The National, August 9, 2018, https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/one-killed-and-11-wounded-in-houthi-missile-attack-on-saudi-arabia-1.758276.
• August 9, 2018: The Houthis launch a ballistic missile at the Saudi city of Jizan, killing one civilian and wounding 11 others.“One killed and 11 wounded in Houthi missile attack on Saudi Arabia,” The National, August 9, 2018, https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/one-killed-and-11-wounded-in-houthi-missile-attack-on-saudi-arabia-1.758276.
• August 27, 2018: The Houthis claim to target a UAE airport with a drone. The UAE denies the attack occurred and there is no evidence of any damage to the facility.“UAE denies report of Houthi drone attack on Dubai airport,” Reuters, August 27, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-emirates-security/uae-denies-report-of-houthi-drone-attack-on-dubai-airport-idUSKCN1LC1YQ.
• September 4, 2018: The Houthis claim a missile attack on an Aramco facility in Saudi Arabia’s Jizan province.Irina Slav, “Houthis Claim Successful Attack On Aramco Oil Facility,” Oil Price, September 4, 2018, https://oilprice.com/Geopolitics/Middle-East/Houthis-Claim-Successful-Attack-On-Aramco-Oil-Facility.html.
• September 5, 2018: The Houthis launch a ballistic missile at the Saudi city of Najran. Twenty-six people are wounded by shrapnel when the missile is intercepted by Saudi defense systems.“Saudi Arabia intercepts Houthi missile, 26 wounded by shrapnel,” Reuters, September 5, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-saudi/saudi-arabia-intercepts-houthi-missile-26-wounded-by-shrapnel-idUSKCN1LM00N.
• September 15, 2018: Saudi Arabia intercepts a Houthi missile targeting Jizan, Saudi Arabia.“Saudi says it destroyed missile Houthis fired at Jizan province,” Reuters, September 15, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-yemen-security/saudi-says-it-destroyed-missile-houthis-fired-at-jizan-province-idUSKCN1LV0MC.
• September 20, 2018: Saudi Arabia intercepts two Houthi-controlled boats laden with explosives outside of the Saudi port of Jizan.“Saudi-led coalition foils Houthi attack on Jizan port: SPA,” Reuters, September 30, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-attacks/saudi-led-coalition-foils-houthi-attack-on-jizan-port-spa-idUSKCN1MA0WY.
• October 5, 2018: Houthi forces fire three shells at an IDP camp in Hodeidah, killing one woman and injuring others.“Woman killed, 11 injured in Houthi attack on KSRelief camp in Yemen,” Arab News, October 5, 2018, http://www.arabnews.com/node/1382971/saudi-arabia.
• December 7, 2018: An Associated Press report accuses the Houthis of carrying out rampant detention and torture of political opponents in areas under its control.Maggie Michael, “Ex-inmates: Torture rife in prisons run by Yemen rebels,” Associated Press, December 7, 2018, https://www.apnews.com/e32442a4c8c24acd9d362c433d5cd10e.
• January 5, 2019: Houthi forces kill two civilians and wound 16 others when they shell the 7th July neighborhood of Taiz.Mohammed Al-Rumim, “'This is how we welcomed 2019': Civilians killed in Houthi attack,” Al-Jazeera, January 6, 2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/01/welcomed-2019-civilians-killed-houthi-attack-190106141240211.html.
• January 10, 2019: Houthi forces target a Yemeni military parade with a drone, killing five and wounding twenty soldiers, including the Yemeni army’s chief of staff who would later die of his wounds.Mohammed al-Kibsi, “Houthi drone targets senior Yemeni officers, kills five soldiers,” Al-Jazeera, sJanuary 10, 2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/01/houthi-drone-attack-hits-military-base-yemen-reports-190110071518307.html; “Yemen government, Houthi rebels meet on UN ship to discuss truce,” Al-Jazeera, February 3, 2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/yemen-government-houthi-rebels-meet-ship-discuss-truce-190203140748595.html.
• February 17, 2019: Houthi forces launch several attacks across Yemen’s northern border killing nine Saudi soldiers in the provinces of Aseer, Jazan, and Najran.Priyanka Gupta, “Yemen's Houthi forces kill Saudi soldiers in combat,” Al-Jazeera, February 17, 2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/yemens-houthi-forces-kill-saudi-soldiers-combat-190217123515892.html.
• March 11, 2019: After weeks of intense fighting, Houthi forces seize several besieged villages in northern Yemen. Pro-government media outlets accuse the Houthis of killing 62 civilians and displacing 268 families. The Houthis blame the Saudi-backed coalition for some of the civilian deaths.Ali Mahmoud, “Yemen’s Houthis take villages vital to the northern front,” The National, March 11, 2019, https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/yemen-s-houthis-take-villages-vital-to-the-northern-front-1.835769; “Houthi Rebels, Saudis Trade Blame Over Deaths of 20 Civilians in Northern Yemen,” VOA News, March 11, 2019, https://www.voanews.com/a/twenty-civilians-killed-in-village-in-northern-yemen/4824587.html.
• May 14, 2019: The Houthis carry out several drone attacks on Saudi oil facilities.Vivian Yee, “Yemen’s Houthi Rebels Attack Saudi Oil Facilities, Escalating Tensions in Gulf,” New York Times, May 14, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/14/world/middleeast/saudi-oil-attack.html.
• May 15, 2019: Fighting resumes between the Houthis and pro-government forces in Hodeidah, threatening the cease-fire there.Patrick Wintour and Bethan McKernan, “Yemen: Ceasefire Broken as Fresh Fighting Breaks Out in Hodeidah,” May 15, 2019, Guardian (London), https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/15/yemen-ceasefire-broken-as-fresh-fighting-breaks-out-in-hodeidah.
• May 20, 2019: The Houthis launch two ballistic missiles at Saudi Arabia. The Saudi government says it intercepted the missiles over Mecca province.“Saudi Arabia Says It Intercepted Houthi Missiles in Mecca Province,” Reuters, May 20, 2019, https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2019-05-20/saudi-air-defense-intercepts-two-houthi-missiles-in-mecca-province-saudi-embassy.
• May 21, 2019: The Houthis attack an airport in the Saudi city of Najran with a bomb-laden drone.“Houthis Attack Saudi Airport with Bomb-laden Drone,” National (Abu Dhabi), May 21, 2019, https://www.thenational.ae/world/gcc/houthis-attack-saudi-airport-with-bomb-laden-drone-1.864110.
• June 11, 2019: The Houthis launch two drones at the southwest Saudi city of Khamis Mushait.“Yemen’s Houthi Rebels Launch Attack Drones into Saudi Arabia,” Associated Press, June 11, 2019, https://www.apnews.com/96d56129049246819349bb308d44ad99.
• June 12, 2019: The Houthis successfully strike Saudi Arabia’s Abha airport with a cruise missile, injuring a reported 26.Natasha Turak, “Saudi Airport Hit by Cruise Missile, Yemen’s Houthis Claim Responsibility,” CNBC, June 12, 2019, https://www.cnbc.com/2019/06/12/saudi-airport-hit-by-cruise-missile-yemens-houthis-claim.html.
• June 19, 2019: A Houthi-launched projectile hits a power-transformer station near a desalination plant in Saudi Arabia.Stephen Kalin, “Yemen’s Houthis Strike Saudi Utility Station, Coalition Responds,” Reuters, June 19, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-saudi-powerstation/yemens-houthis-launch-strike-on-saudi-utility-station-no-damage-idUSKCN1TK2WQ.
• June 23, 2019: The Houthis successfully strike Saudi Arabia’s Abha airport with a cruise missile, killing one.“Yemen's Houthi Rebels Strike Saudi Airport,” Deutsche Welle, June 23, 2019, https://www.dw.com/en/yemens-houthi-rebels-strike-saudi-airport/a-49326453-0.
• July 2, 2019: The Houthis again strike Saudi Arabia’s Abha airport, this time with a drone, injuring nine.Sudarsan Raghavan, “Yemeni Drone Strikes Saudi Airport,” Washington Post, July 2, 2019, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/yemeni-drone-strikes-saudi-airport-injuring-9/2019/07/02/a9cf1c3e-9c9a-11e9-a1fc-7337aeb9179e_story.html?utm_term=.e756cc9c5da3.
• July 6, 2019: Houthi forces carry out drone attacks on military sites at the Abha airport in southern Saudi Arabia. Earlier that day, Houthis also claim targeting warplane hangars and other military sites in Saudi Jizan airport.“Yemen's Houthis attack Saudi Abha Airport: Al-Masirah TV,” Reuters, July 6, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-saudi/yemens-houthis-attack-saudi-abha-airport-al-masirah-tv-idUSKCN1U10JY.
• July 15, 2019: The Saudi-led coalition intercepts and downs three Houthi drones that were launched towards the southwestern Saudi cities of Jizan and Abha.“Yemen's Houthis say launched drone attack on Saudi's Jizan airport,” Reuters, July 17, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/yemen-security-saudi/yemens-houthis-say-launched-drone-attack-on-saudis-jizan-airport-idUSD5N23U041.
• July 16, 2019: Houthi forces launch a drone attack on Jizan airport in southwestern Saudi Arabia.“Yemen's Houthis say launched drone attack on Saudi's Jizan airport,” Reuters, July 17, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/yemen-security-saudi/yemens-houthis-say-launched-drone-attack-on-saudis-jizan-airport-idUSD5N23U041.
• July 20, 2019: Saudi-coalition fighter jets take out at least five Houthi air defense sites around Sanaa.Edward Yeranian, “Saudi Coalition Says it Destroyed Houthi Ballistic Missiles Around Yemeni Capital,” Voice of America, July 20, 2019, https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/saudi-coalition-says-it-destroyed-houthi-ballistic-missiles-around-yemeni-capital.
• July 28, 2019: Houthi forces launch indiscriminate attacks in the Al-Rawdhah neighborhood of Taiz. The attack kills one child and injures three others.“Intensified Al Qaeda and ISIL activity in Yemen ‘deeply worrying’, says UN Human Rights Office,” United Nations, August 6, 2019, https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/08/1043801.
• July 29, 2019: The Saudi-coalition launches an airstrike on a market in northern Yemen, killing 14 people and wounding more than 26 others. The attack is a response to a Houthi drone attack on a Saudi airbase.“Intensified Al Qaeda and ISIL activity in Yemen ‘deeply worrying’, says UN Human Rights Office,” United Nations, August 6, 2019, https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/08/1043801.; “Saudi Airstrike on Yemeni Market Kills 10,” Voice of America, July 29, 2019, https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/saudi-airstrike-yemeni-market-kills-10.
• August 1, 2019: Houthi rebels initiate twin attacks in the city of Aden. Suicide bombers blast a police station in one neighborhood while the rebels fire a missile at a military parade of UAE-trained militia. At least 51 people are killed in the attacks.Kareem Fahim, “Missile fired by Yemen rebels kills dozens of soldiers in port city of Aden,” Washington Post, August 1, 2019, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/missile-fired-by-yemen-rebels-kills-dozens-of-soldiers-in-port-city-of-aden/2019/08/01/0f1412fc-b433-11e9-acc8-1d847bacca73_story.html.
• August 5, 2019: Houthi forces launch drone attacks on Saudi Arabia’s King Khalid Air Base and Abha and Najran airports.“Yemen: Houthis launch drone attacks on Saudi airports, airbase,” Al Jazeera, August 14, 2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/08/yemen-houthis-launch-drone-attacks-saudi-airports-airbase-190805105248712.html.
• August 13, 2019: Yemen’s Houthi movement launches drone attacks on the airport of Abha in southwest Saudi Arabia.“Yemen's Houthis launch drone attacks on Saudi Arabia's Abha airport - Masirah TV,” Reuters, August 13, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/yemen-security-abha/yemens-houthis-launch-drone-attacks-on-saudi-arabias-abha-airport-masirah-tv-idUSB2N22D02D.
• August 16, 2019: The Houthis launch drone attacks on Saudi Arabia’s Abha international airport, halting air traffic. The Saudi-led coalition reports that the drone was intercepted and shot down.“Houthis say they launched drone attacks on a Saudi airport; Saudi TV says drone intercepted,” Reuters, August 16, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-saudi-abha-drones/houthis-say-they-launched-drone-attacks-on-a-saudi-airport-saudi-tv-says-drone-intercepted-idUSKCN1V61PT.
• August 17, 2019: Houthi rebels deploy 10 drones to strike Saudi Arabia’s Shaybah oil field, one of the kingdom’s largest. There are no injuries and no disruption to the field’s production.Sune Engel Rasmussen, “Iran-Aligned Houthis Strike Major Saudi Oil Field,” Wall Street Journal, August 17, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/iran-aligned-houthis-strike-major-saudi-oilfield-11566043672.
• August 19, 2019: The Houthis launch a ballistic missile on a military parade in the province of Marib. Official numbers have not been reported, but the attack kills and wounds dozens of soldiers.“Yemen's Houthis fire ballistic missile at military parade in gov't-controlled Marib,” Xinhua, August 19, 2019, http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-08/19/c_138321115.htm.
• August 21, 2019: Houthi rebels shoot down a U.S. drone with an air missile. The U.S. suspects the missile to be provided by Iran although the Houthis claim the weapon was developed locally.Barbara Starr and Zachary Cohen, “US blames Iran after drone is downed in Yemen,” CNN, August 21, 2019, https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/21/politics/us-drone-yemen/index.html.
• August 22, 2019: Houthi forces launch two drones towards the city of Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia. Saudi forces intercept and down the two drones.Aarti Nagraj, “Saudi forces intercept two Houthi drones targeting kingdom,” Gulf Business, August 22, 2019, https://gulfbusiness.com/saudi-forces-intercept-two-houthi-drones-targeting-kingdom/.
• August 25, 2019: Houthi rebels fire 10 ballistic missiles at Jizan airport in southwest Saudi Arabia. The Saudi-led coalition intercepts and destroys at least six of the missiles. It is unreported if there were any casualties in the attack. That same day, the Arab military coalition fighting the Houthis in Yemen intercept and down a drone that the rebels claim they launched in the direction of a Saudi airbase. A Houthi military spokesperson cited by the group’s Al Masirah TV earlier said the group had launched drones targeting the control towers of the Abha airport and the Khamis Mushait airbase, both in the southwest of the kingdom.“Houthis 'fire 10 ballistic missiles' at Saudi airport,” Al Jazeera, August 25, 2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/08/houthis-fire-10-ballistic-missiles-saudi-airport-190825200633019.html.; “Arab coalition says downs Houthi drone fired at airbase,” Daily Star, August 25, 2019, https://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2019/Aug-25/490323-yemens-houthis-attack-saudi-airport-air-base-with-drones-al-masirah-tv.ashx.
• August 26, 2019: Houthi rebels launch armed drones at a “military target” in Riyadh. It is unreported if there are any casualties or injuries.“Yemen Houthis say they attacked military target in Saudi capital,” Reuters, August 26, 2019, https://uk.reuters.com/article/yemen-security-attacks/yemen-houthis-say-they-attacked-military-target-in-saudi-capital-idUKB2N22D02L.
• August 27, 2019: Saudi-led coalition forces intercept and down a Houthi drone launched toward the kingdom from Yemen. Houthi’s Al Masirah TV does not announce the attack. Also on the 27^th, Houthi rebels conduct a large-scale attack in Saada. As many as 25 soldiers of the Saudi-backed government forces are killed and an unreported number are injured.“Saudi-led coalition downed a Houthi drone fired at the kingdom: statement,” Reuters, August 27, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-security-yemen-drones/saudi-led-coalition-downed-a-houthi-drone-fired-at-the-kingdom-statement-idUSKCN1VH0BK.; “25 soldiers killed in Houthi attack on gov't forces in northern Yemen,” Xinhua, August 28, 2019, http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-08/28/c_138343392.htm.
• August 28, 2019: Houthi rebels launch a cruise missile towards Saudi Arabia’s Abha airport. Yahya Saria, the group’s military spokesman, confirms Houthi responsibility for the attack. The missile targeted plane hangars and led to air traffic being halted in the airport. No casualties or injuries are reported. Also that day, the Houthis launch armed drones on “military targets” in the Saudi regions of Jizan and Najran.“Yemen's Houthis attack Saudi Arabia's Abha airport –spokesman,” Reuters, August 28, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/yemen-security-abha/yemens-houthis-attack-saudi-arabias-abha-airport-spokesman-idUSL5N25O6S0.
• September 1, 2019: The Saudi-led military coalition launch airstrikes in southwest Yemen, eventually hitting a prison complex. The Sunni Muslim coalition says it destroyed a site storing drones and missiles in Dhamar. Over 100 people are killed in the attack. The head of the Houthis’ national committee for prisoner affairs, Abdul Qader al-Mortada, said many of those held were due to be released in a local deal to exchange prisoners of war.Dahlia Nehme, “Saudi-led coalition bombs Yemen prison, scores killed,” Reuters, September 1, 2019, https://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFKCN1VM0ZO.
• September 3, 2019: Houthi rebels launch multiple drone attacks on King Khalid Air Base in the southwest of Saudi Arabia. Earlier in the day, Houthis fire several ballistic missiles towards Najran airport in the southwest of the kingdom. No casualties or injuries are reported in both instances.Mu Xuequan, “Yemen's Houthis launch fresh drone attacks on Saudi air base,” Xinhua, September 4, 2019, http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-09/04/c_138362694.htm.
• September 14, 2019: Drone attacks are launched on two key oil installations in Abqaiq, Saudi Arabia. The Houthis claim responsibility for the attack. Although there are no casualties, the damaged oil facilities process the majority of the country’s crude output which raises the risk of a disruption in world oil supplies. In January 2020, a U.N. Security Council investigation concludes that the Houthis did not carry out the attack.Ben Hubbard, Palko Karasz and Stanley Reed, “Two Major Saudi Oil Installations Hit by Drone Strike, and U.S. Blames Iran,” New York Times, September 14, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/14/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-refineries-drone-attack.html?module=inline; Michelle Nichols, “Exclusive: U.N. investigators find Yemen's Houthis did not carry out Saudi oil attack,” Reuters, January 8, 2020, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-aramco-attacks-un-exclusive/exclusive-u-n-investigators-find-yemens-houthis-did-not-carry-out-saudi-oil-attack-idUSKBN1Z72VX.
• September 24, 2019: Saudi forces intercept and destroy two ballistic missiles fired from Sanaa.“Saudi Arabia: Saudi-led coalition claims downing of Houthi missiles over Yemen September 24 /update 4,” Garda World, September 24, 2019, https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/270341/saudi-arabia-saudi-led-coalition-claims-downing-of-houthi-missiles-over-yemen-september-24-update-4.
• September 28, 2019: Houthi rebels claim to have killed 500 Saudi soldiers, captured a further 2,000, and seized a convoy of Saudi military vehicles in the southern Najran region of Saudi Arabia. The claims could not be corroborated have been denied by Saudi forces.Patrick Wintour, “Houthis claim to have killed 500 Saudi soldiers in major attack,” The Guardian, September 29, 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/29/houthis-claim-killed-hundreds-saudi-soldiers-captured-thousands.; “Saudi-led coalition denies Houthi claims of troop capture,” Al Jazeera, September 30, 2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/saudi-led-coalition-denies-houthi-claims-troop-capture-190930193102187.html.
• November 6, 2019: Houthi rebels launch drones and fire at least four missiles at warehouses in the port town of al-Makha, killing at least eight and wounding at least 12. At least three other missiles are intercepted. The warehouses are used by the Giants Bridges militia allied with Yemen’s internationally recognized government. Government forces say the attack also targeted a refugee camp and a hospital run by Doctors Without Borders.Ahmed al-Haj and Samy Magdy, “Yemeni officials: Rebels missile, drone attack kills 8,” Associated Press, November 6, 2019, https://apnews.com/bf7d70640ec14ea085e1d3ecce87a6ec.
• November 17, 2019: Houthi rebels hijack the Saudi tugboat Rabigh-3 while it is towing a South Korean drilling rig in the Red Sea. A Houthi spokesman acknowledges the seizure in what he calls a “suspicious case” off the Yemeni coast. He says the boat will be released if it is determined to belong to South Korea.Agence France-Presse, “Yemen's Houthi rebels hijack towboat with apparent Saudi link,” Guardian (London), November 18, 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/18/yemens-houthi-rebels-hijack-towboat-with-apparent-saudi-link.
• December 29, 2019: A ballistic missile strikes a military parade for new recruits held at a soccer field in the capital of Dhale Province by the UAE-backed separatist militia the Resistance Forces. The attack kills at least 10, including four children, and wounds 21. There are no immediate claims of responsibility but the militia blames Houthi rebels.Associated Press, “Missile Strikes Military Parade in Yemen, Killing at Least 10,” New York Times, December 29, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/29/world/middleeast/missile-military-parade-yemen.html.
• January 2020: On January 18, ballistic missiles strike a mosque at the al-Estiqbal military camp in Marib, killing at least 116 people. It is reportedly one of the deadliest attacks in the civil war. There are no immediate claims of responsibility but the government blames Houthi rebels. On January 20, government forces fight Houthi rebels east of Marib. Senior Houthi commander Jaber Al Muwaed is reportedly killed in the fighting.Bethan McKernan, “Yemen: death toll rises to 116 from suspected Houthi missile attack,” January 21, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/21/yemen-death-toll-rises-houthi-missile-attack-government-forces.
• January 25, 2020 – January 30, 2020: Houthi military spokesman, Yahya Sarea, releases a statement claiming the Iran-aligned group has launched 26 rocket attacks between January 25th and the 30th against airports in southern Saudi Arabia. The targets also included the facilities of oil company Saudi Aramco, and “two sensitive targets.” Saudi authorities have not confirmed the strikes, but if confirmed, they will be the first by the Houthis on Saudi Arabia since September 2019.“Yemen's Houthis say recent attacks on Aramco, airports in response to air strikes,” Reuters, January 31, 2020, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-aramco/yemens-houthis-say-recent-attacks-on-aramco-airports-in-response-to-air-strikes-idUSKBN1ZU2I0.
• February 11, 2020: Houthi rebels carry out a missile attack against the Amajed army base in Abyan, southern Yemen. The attack kills three soldiers and wounds 15 others.“Houthi missile attack kills 3 gov't soldiers in southern Yemen,” Xinhua, February 12, 2020, http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-02/12/c_138775335.htm.
• March 14, 2020: Houthi militants carry out a missile attack in Taiz, southwest Yemen. The missile strikes a civilian vehicle, killing five and wounding an unconfirmed number of others.“5 killed in Houthi attack in SW Yemen,” MENAFN, March 14, 2020, https://menafn.com/1099853369/5-killed-in-Houthi-attack-in-SW-Yemen.
• March 17, 2020: Houthi rebels launch ballistic missiles in Al-Yatma, north of Al-Jawf. The attack targeted a meeting of senior military and tribal leaders, including Amin Al-Akeemi, the governor of Al-Jawf. Al-Akeemi survives the attack, but four others are killed.“Saudi-backed Yemen official survives assassination attempt,” Middle East Monitor, March 17, 2020, https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200317-saudi-backed-yemen-official-survives-assassination-attempt/.
• March 28, 2020: Houthi rebels launch ballistic missiles, targeting Riyadh and Jizan, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia’s air defenses intercept the attack. However, two civilians are injured from debris fallout.“Saudi-led coalition intercepts missiles over Riyadh, Jizan,” Al Jazeera, March 29, 2020, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/rockets-intercepted-saudi-capital-riyadh-jazan-report-200328212702883.html.
• April 6, 2020: Houthi rebels launch a shelling attack in Taiz, southwestern Yemen. The shelling hits a women’s prison, killing at least six prisoners.Ali Younes, “Deadly attack on women's prison in Yemen a 'war crime': Analyst,” Al Jazeera, April 6, 2020, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/deadly-attack-women-prison-yemen-war-crime-analyst-200406113303883.html.; Ahmed Al-Haj, “Yemen officials say rebel shelling kills 6 women prisoners,” Associated Press, April 5, 2020, https://apnews.com/a838b5260d222ddad3dbf10a364bf063.
• June 23, 2020: A Houthi military spokesman claims the rebels launched drone and ballistic missile strikes on Riyadh, targeting the defense and intelligence ministries as well as an air base. The Saudi government says it intercepted one ballistic missile but has no comment on other projectiles.Sudarsan Raghavan and Sarah Dadouch, “Yemeni rebels announce missile and drone strikes on Saudi capital,” Reuters, June 23, 2020, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/yemeni-rebels-announce-missile-and-drone-strikes-on-saudi-capital/2020/06/23/fc350730-b53b-11ea-9a1d-d3db1cbe07ce_story.html.
• July 13, 2020: Houthi rebels claim to have launched a missile attack from Sanaa on a large oil facility in Jizan, Saudi Arabia. The Saudi-led military fighting the Houthis allege they intercept the attack. Yahya Sarea, the Houthi’s military spokesman, claims that the group also launched attacks on Saudi military sites near the Yemen border on the same day, killing and injuring dozens of military officers. However, Saudi Arabia does not confirm the attack.“Yemen’s Houthis say Saudi oil facility hit in overnight attack,” Al Jazeera, July 13, 2020, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/7/13/yemens-houthis-say-saudi-oil-facility-hit-in-overnight-attack.
• August 16, 2020: Houthi rebels launch a missile attack in both the northeast and east of Sanaa. The attacks kill nine soldiers and wound four others.“11 Yemen Soldiers Killed in Clashes and Rebel Attack,” Defense Post, August 17, 2020, https://www.thedefensepost.com/2020/08/17/yemen-soldiers-killed/.
• September 10, 2020: Houthi rebels launch a ballistic missile and drones toward Riyadh, which Saudi forces intercept. The Houthis claim to have attacked an “important target.” According to Sarea, the attacks are “a response to the enemy’s permanent escalation and its continuing blockade against our country” and will continue as long as Saudi Arabia “continues its aggression” against Yemen.“Yemen Houthis say attacked 'important target' in Riyadh with missile, drones,” Reuters, September 10, 2020, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-saudi/yemen-houthis-say-they-attacked-important-target-in-riyadh-with-missile-drones-idUSKBN2611PF.
• September 19, 2020: Houthi rebels launch a missile that targets Saudi Arabia’s Jizan province. The attack wounds five civilians.“Yemen Houthi Rebel Attack on Saudi Village Wounds 5: State Media,” Defense Post, September 21, 2020, https://www.thedefensepost.com/2020/09/21/houthi-attack-saudi-village/.
• September 23, 2020: The Houthis launch a missile against a Saudi base near the Yemen border, allegedly killing 10, according to Iranian media.“Ten Killed in Yemen Army's Attack on Saudi Base,” Tasnim News Agency, September 24, 2020, https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2020/09/24/2355644/ten-killed-in-yemen-army-s-attack-on-saudi-base.
• October 1, 2020: Houthi fighters attack an army post in Al Hudaydah province. At least three militants are killed.Safiye Karabacak, “Yemen: 3 Houthi militias killed in clashes with army,” Anadolu Agency, October 1, 2020, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/yemen-3-houthi-militias-killed-in-clashes-with-army/1992609.
• October 4, 2020: A Houthi missile launched from Yemen hits Jizan, Saudi Arabia. There are no reported casualties.“Arab coalition in Yemen foils Houthi attack in Red Sea,” Arab News, October 5, 2020, https://www.arabnews.com/node/1744656/middle-east.
• October 5, 2020: The Arab coalition in Yemen destroys a remote-controlled explosive-filled Houthi boat near As-Salif, Yemen.“Arab coalition in Yemen foils Houthi attack in Red Sea,” Arab News, October 5, 2020, https://www.arabnews.com/node/1744656/middle-east.
• October 23-25, 2020: Houthi drones target the Jizan and Abha airports and the Khamis Mushait base in Saudi Arabia. The Saudi military intercepts four drones over the three-day period.“Yemen’s Houthis targeted two airports and a base in Saudi Arabia: spokesman,” Reuters, October 24, 2020, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-saudi-houthis/yemens-houthis-targeted-two-airports-and-a-base-in-saudi-arabia-spokesman-idUSKBN2790NG.
• October 28, 2020: The Saudi-led Arab coalition destroys six Houthi drones and three ballistic missiles targeting Saudi Arabia. There is no reported damage.“Arab coalition destroys six Houthi drones, three missiles targeting Saudi Arabia,” Arab News, last updated October 29, 2020, https://www.arabnews.com/node/1755356/saudi-arabia.
• November 22, 2020: Houthi forces fire a missile that strikes a Saudi Aramco oil company distribution center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. According to Houthi spokesman Yahya Sarea, the strike was carried out in response to the Saudi-led coalition’s actions in Yemen. Sarea also stated that foreign companies and Saudi residents should exercise caution as Houthi “operations will continue.”“Yemeni Houthis say they fired missile at Saudi Aramco site in Jeddah,” Reuters, November 22, 2020, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-saudi-aramco-saudi/yemens-houthis-say-attacked-saudi-aramco-facility-in-jeddah-with-rocket-tweet-idUSKBN28308L.
• November 25, 2020: An explosion damages a Maltese-flagged oil tanker in the Saudi port of Shuqaiq, causing minor damage. The Saudi government blames the Houthis.“‘Terrorist attack’ strikes oil tanker at Saudi port in Jeddah,” Al Jazeera, December 14, 2020, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/14/external-source-causes-oil-tanker-blast-off-saudi-arabia?utm_source=iterable&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=1819727_; Jonathan Saul and Lisa Barrington, “Oil tanker hit by blast at Saudi terminal, Saudi Arabia confirms,” Reuters, November 25, 2020, https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-saudi-security-tanker/oil-tanker-hit-by-blast-at-saudi-terminal-saudi-arabia-confirms-idUKKBN28524C?edition-redirect=uk.
• December 3, 2020: Mortar shells strike the Thabit Brothers industrial compound in Hodeidah, killing at least eight and wounding 13 others. The government blames Houthi militants.Agence France-Presse, “Eight people killed in shelling in Yemen’s Hodeidah,” Arab News, December 4, 2020, https://www.arabnews.com/node/1772436/middle-east.
• December 14, 2020: An explosives-filled boat attacks a Singapore-flagged oil tanker near Saudi Arabia’s port city of Jeddah, causing a small fire but no casualties. The Houthis are suspected in the attack.“‘Terrorist attack’ strikes oil tanker at Saudi port in Jeddah,” Al Jazeera, December 14, 2020, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/14/external-source-causes-oil-tanker-blast-off-saudi-arabia?utm_source=iterable&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=1819727_.
• December 16, 2020: An unidentified projectile strikes Saudi Arabia’s Jizan province, causing no damage or casualties. Saudi authorities blame the Houthis.“Saudi Arabia: Al-Houthi military projectile strikes near village in Jazan Province Dec. 16,” Garda World, December 16, 2020, https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/416371/saudi-arabia-al-houthi-military-projectile-strikes-near-village-in-jazan-province-dec-16.
• December 30, 2020: As a plane carrying Yemen’s newly confirmed government arrives from Saudi Arabia, an explosion at Aden’s airport kills at least 25 and wounds more than 110 others. The Saudi-led coalition reportedly shoots down a bomb-laden drone over a palace where the new cabinet members were taken after arrival. No cabinet ministers are injured in the attack. Yemeni Prime Minister Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed accuses the Houthi militia and its primary sponsor, Iran, of responsibility. According to investigators, the Houthis fired four ballistic missiles at the airport. A Houthi official denies responsibility. A March 2021 U.N. report confirms the Houthis’ responsibility for the attack. On March 26, U.N. investigators present their report to the U.N. committee that oversees Yemen-related sanctions, but Russia blocks the report’s wider release.“Yemen war: Deadly attack at Aden airport as new government arrives,” BBC News, December 31, 2020, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-55484436; “Yemeni PM Accuses Houthis, Iran of Deadly Aden Airport Blast,” Asharq al-Awsat (London), December 31, 2020, https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2713991/yemeni-pm-accuses-houthis-iran-deadly-aden-airport-blast?utm_source=iterable&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=1871241_; Saeed Al-Batati and Vivian Yee, “Yemen Airport Is Attacked as New Government Arrives,” New York Times, December 30, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/30/world/middleeast/yemen-explosion-airport.html; Jonathan Landay, Ghaida Ghantous, and Mahmoud Mourad, “Exclusive: U.N. team finds Houthis launched Aden airport attack that killed 22 – diplomats,” Reuters, March 29, 2021, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-attack-exclusive/exclusive-u-n-team-finds-houthis-launched-aden-airport-attack-that-killed-22-diplomats-idUSKBN2BL315.
• January 6, 2021: Houthi militants kidnap three engineers employed by the Safer Company for Oil Exploration and Production in Sanaa. Two of the engineers are kidnapped off a bus, while the third is taken at his home. Separately, Houthi attacks on homes in Taiz leave six dead and seven wounded. Four of the dead are children.“Houthis Abduct Engineers of Safer Oil Company,” Aden Press, January 6, 2021, http://en.adenpress.news/news/31941#:~:text=According%20to%20Saba%2C%20the%20company's,his%20house%20in%20Sana'a; “Houthi militants kidnap Safer. Co engineers, kill civilians,” Arab News, January 7, 2021, https://www.arabnews.com/node/1788551/middle-east.
• February 7-8, 2021: On February 7, Houthi militants launch drone and rocket attacks on Marib, as well as ground attacks on al-Jawf. The following day, Houthi fighters continue an offensive operation into Marib. Government forces push back the Houthis and capture several fighters. At least 29 people are killed, and dozens are wounded in the fighting.“US, UK Express Concern after Latest Houthi Escalation in Yemen’s Marib,” Asharq al-Awsat (London), February 9, 2021, https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2794001/us-uk-express-concern-after-latest-houthi-escalation-yemen%E2%80%99s-marib; Ahmed al-Haj, “Heavy fighting in central Yemen leaves at least 29 dead,” Associated Press, February 9, 2021, https://apnews.com/article/yemen-iran-sanaa-c131b4f4e83959f12385ca67f9bfdb7dl; “Houthis step up attacks on Marib despite resistance, condemnation,” Arab News, February 9, 2021, https://www.arabnews.com/node/1806076/middle-east.
• February 10, 2021: Houthi drones armed with bombs target Abha airport in southwest Saudi Arabia. There are no casualties reported, but a civilian plane is damaged.Isabel Debre, “Saudi TV: Yemen rebel attack on airport sets plane on fire,” Associated Press, February 10, 2021, https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-yemen-dubai-saudi-arabia-united-arab-emirates-a351ca2f95c68ebf08c385742deef2ac.
• February 11, 2021: Saudi forces reportedly intercept and destroy a Houthi drone near the town of Khamis Mushait, which hosts a key airbase in southern Saudi Arabia.“Saudi Arabia says Yemen Houthi drone intercepted after Abha hit,” Al Jazeera, February 11, 2021, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/11/saudi-arabia-says-yemen-houthi-drone-intercepted-after-abha-hit.
• February 27, 2021: The Saudi military intercepts and destroys a ballistic missile and three armed drones over Riyadh, which they accuse the Houthis of launching. There are no reported casualties, but debris from the destroyed missile damages a home in Riyadh. The United States calls on the Houthis to end all attacks.“Saudi Arabia ‘intercepts ballistic missile over Riyadh,’” Al Jazeera, February 28, 2021, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/28/saudi-arabia-intercepts-ballistic-missile-attack-over-riyadh; “Houthi Attacks on Saudi Arabia,” U.S. Department of State, February 28, 2021, https://www.state.gov/houthi-attacks-on-saudi-arabia/.
• February 28, 2021: Shelling destroys a home near Yemen’s port of Hodeidah, killing five, including a child. Saudi and Houthi forces accuse one another of responsibility for the attack.“Saudi Arabia ‘intercepts ballistic missile over Riyadh,’” Al Jazeera, February 28, 2021, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/28/saudi-arabia-intercepts-ballistic-missile-attack-over-riyadh.
• March 4, 2021: The Houthis claim to launch a ballistic missile at an Aramco distribution facility in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Aramco and Saudi officials do not confirm the attack.“Houthis fire missiles, drones at Saudi oil facilities,” Al Jazeera, March 7, 2021, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/7/blast-heard-in-saudi-arabias-dhahran-reports.
• March 7, 2021: Houthi security forces launch three tear gas cannisters into a protest at a migrant center in Sanaa, causing a fire that kills 45 people and wounds more than 200. Most of the fatalities are Ethiopian immigrants. Later in the month, the Houthis admit their forces caused the fire. The Houthis detain 11 security personnel and claim no authorization had been given to use the tear gas. Later in the month, Ethiopian activists in Sanaa announce they are pursuing legal counsel to file a lawsuit against Houthi leaders in the International Criminal Court over responsibility for the fire.“Houthis admit their forces caused fire at Yemen migrant centre,” Al Jazeera, March 21, 2021, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/21/houthis-admit-their-forces-caused-fire-at-yemen-migrant-centre; “Ethiopian Migrants Plan Taking Houthis to ICC,” Asharq al-Awsat (London), March 30, 2021, https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2890171/ethiopian-migrants-plan-taking-houthis-icc.
• March 2021: The Houthis continue to clash with Yemen’s army for the government-controlled city of Marib. On March 3, the Houthis announce they have taken control of 10 of Marib’s 14 districts, while the Saudi-backed government remains in control of the city’s center. On March 10, the Houthis fire a ballistic missile toward Marib, which the Saudi military destroys. On March 11, the United States, United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Germany issue a joint statement condemning the Houthi offensive.Nima Elbagir, Nic Robertson, Barbara Arvanitidis, Alex Platt, and Abdelrahman Khalid, “Houthis say they've seized majority control of key city in Yemen,” CNN, March 3, 2021, https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/03/middleeast/houthis-marib-yemen-intl/index.html; “Saudi-led coalition destroys Houthi 'hostile aerial target' in Yemen’s Marib,” Reuters, March 10, 2021, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-marib-coalition-idUSKBN2B22MP; Agence France-Presse, “Fighting in Yemen’s Marib Kills 90 in 24 hours, Government Military Sources Say,” Voice of America, March 6, 2021, https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/fighting-yemens-marib-kills-90-24-hours-government-military-sources-say; “Western nations condemn Marib attacks, US sees ‘hopeful progress,’” Arab Weekly, March 12, 2021, https://thearabweekly.com/western-nations-condemn-marib-attacks-us-sees-hopeful-progress; “Joint Statement of the Governments of France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America on Houthi Attacks,” U.S. Department of State, March 11, 2021, https://www.state.gov/joint-statement-of-the-governments-of-france-germany-italy-the-united-kingdom-and-the-united-states-of-america-on-houthi-attacks/.
• March 7, 2021: Houthi security forces launch three tear gas cannisters into a protest at a migrant center in Sanaa, causing a fire that kills 45 people and wounds more than 200. Most of the fatalities are Ethiopian immigrants. Later in the month, the Houthis admit their forces caused the fire. The Houthis detain 11 security personnel and claim no authorization had been given to use the tear gas.“Houthis admit their forces caused fire at Yemen migrant centre,” Al Jazeera, March 21, 2021, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/21/houthis-admit-their-forces-caused-fire-at-yemen-migrant-centre.
• March 15, 2021: The Houthis launch armed drones at Abuha Airport and King Khalid Air Base in Khamis Mushait, both in Saudi Arabia. Houthi spokesman Yahya Sarea claims the drones struck their intended targets. The Saudi-led coalition says it intercepted a drone targeting Khamis Mushait but does not confirm the other strikes.Seth J. Frantzman, “Iranian-backed Houthis attack Saudi Arabia with drones again,” Jerusalem Post, March 16, 2021, https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/iranian-backed-houthis-attack-saudi-arabia-with-drones-again-662121; “Houthi ballistic missiles target Saudi Arabia, says coalition,” Al Jazeera, March 16, 2021, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/16/houthis-fire-ballistic-missiles-at-saudi-arabia-coalition-says.
• March 16, 2021: Shells from a Houthi rocket strike a market in Marib, killing one and wounding eight others. Separately, Houthi militants in Saada launch two ballistic missiles toward Saudi Arabia, which land in uninhabited areas in southern Saudi Arabia. Saudi forces respond by destroying a bunker and launch pads in Saada.“Houthi ballistic missiles target Saudi Arabia, says coalition,” Al Jazeera, March 16, 2021, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/16/houthis-fire-ballistic-missiles-at-saudi-arabia-coalition-says; “Yemeni army kills 18 Houthi militants in an ambush near Taiz,” Arab News, March 17, 2021, https://www.arabnews.com/node/1826891/middle-east.
• March 19, 2021: Houthi militants launch armed drones toward a Saudi Aramco oil facility in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The drones cause a fire but no injuries or deaths. The fire is quickly brought under control and causes minimal damage.Lisa Barrington, “Drone strike on Riyadh oil refinery claimed by Houthis causes fire,” Reuters, March 19, 2021, https://www.reuters.com/article/saudi-security-yemen-int/yemens-houthis-say-drone-attack-hits-saudi-aramco-in-riyadh-idUSKBN2BB19Q.
• March 20, 2021: The Saudi air force intercepts and destroys an explosives-filled Houthi drone headed toward Khamis Mushait. In response to that attack and the previous day’s drone attack, Saudi forces launch airstrikes on Houthi military camps in and around Sanaa.“Saudi-led coalition pounds Houthi military sites in Sanaa, say residents,” Reuters, March 20, 2021, https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN2BC0AM; “Saudi coalition launches air raids on Yemen’s Houthi-held capital,” Al Jazeera, March 21, 2021, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/21/saudi-coalition-launches-air-raids-on-yemens-houthi-held-capital.
• March 25, 2021: Saudi defenses intercept and destroy eight armed drones fired by the Houthi militias toward universities in Jizan and Najran.“Houthi Escalation, Attack against Saudi Universities Draw Condemnation,” Asharq al-Awsat (London), March 26, 2021, https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2882471/houthi-escalation-attack-against-saudi-universities-draw-condemnation.
• March 25-26, 2021: On March 26, the Houthis claim they sent 18 armed drones to attack energy and military sites in Saudi Arabia over the past day. Houthi military spokesman Yahya Sarea says the Houthis targeted Saudi Aramco facilities in Ras al-Tanura, Rabigh, Yanbu, and Jazan, as well as the King Abdelaziz military base in Dammam and military sites in Najran and Asir. The Saudi energy ministry reports a projectile had struck a petroleum products distribution station in Jazan on March 25, causing a small fire but no casualties. On March 26, Saudi forces intercept and destroy a Houthi ballistic missile fired toward the Saudi city of Najran. The Saudi-led coalition also destroys an armed drone heading toward Saudi Arabia’s Khamis Mushait.“Saudi Defenses Destroy Houthi Ballistic Missile Fired at Najran,” Asharq al-Awsat (London), March 26, 2021, https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2883066/saudi-defenses-destroy-houthi-ballistic-missile-fired-najran; Raya Jalabi and Lisa Barrington, “Yemen’s Houthis warn of stronger attacks after drone strikes on Saudi Arabia,” Reuters, March 26, 2021, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-saudi/yemens-houthis-warn-of-stronger-attacks-after-drone-strikes-on-saudi-arabia-idUSKBN2BI184.
• March 28, 2021: Houthi forces expel 13 members of three Jewish families from Sanaa, effectively deporting the last of Sanaa’s millennia-old Jewish community except for four remaining seniors. The 13 reportedly await the United Nations to relocate them as they refuse to go to Israel.“Houthis Expel the Last of Yemeni Jews,” Asharq al-Awsat (London), March 28, 2021, https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2886166/houthis-expel-last-yemeni-jews.
• March 28, 2021: The Saudi-led coalition destroys explosive-filled boats the Houthis launched from the port of Hodeidah. According to Saudi officials, the Houthis planned an “imminent” attack with the boats. Separately, the coalition intercepts and destroys three armed drones launched toward southern Saudi Arabia.“Arab Coalition Destroys Houthi Rigged Boats, Drones,” Asharq al-Awsat (London), March 28, 2021, https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2886011/arab-coalition-destroys-houthi-rigged-boats-drones.
• March 30, 2021: The Saudi-led coalition destroys two Houthi drones launched toward Saudi Arabia.“Coalition Destroys 2 Drones Launched by Houthis Towards Saudi Arabia,” Asharq al-Awsat (London), March 30, 2021, https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2890366/coalition-destroys-2-drones-launched-houthis-towards-saudi-arabia.
• April 1, 2021: The Houthis claim to launch four armed drones toward Riyadh. Saudi authorities do not confirm the drone attacks but do confirm they destroyed a Houthi ballistic missile in Yemen before it could launch.“Yemen’s Houthis say they attacked Saudi capital with drones, no confirmation,” Reuters, April 1, 2021, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-yemen-attacks/yemens-houthis-say-they-attacked-saudi-capital-with-drones-no-confirmation-idUSKBN2BO4ZB.