Alexander Ritzmann of the Counter Extremism Project has been tracking the trend for years. He warns that some of these groups could morph into shadow militias, ready to act on “Day X.” That’s the term they use for the day a right-wing dictator takes power. Their historical model? The Sturmabteilung, or SA, the Nazi Party’s original paramilitary wing. Julian M.’s DJV crew in Berlin is modeled after it too. In October 2024, a DJV member messaged their leader saying he wanted to set up his own “SA-style subgroup.”