Overview

Lisa Smith is an Irish ISIS supporter who moved to ISIS-held territory and married a foreign fighter in 2015 after converting to Islam and radicalizing online. In Syria, Smith married a British jihadist who was killed in early 2019. After the fall of ISIS’s territorial hold in Syria and Iraq, Smith and her 2-year-old daughter were captured by a Turkish-backed militia.Michelle Hennessy, “Lisa Smith will be subject to security assessment on arrival in Ireland,” The Journal (Dublin), November 12, 2019, https://www.thejournal.ie/lisa-smith-security-assessment-4888274-Nov2019/. Turkish officials deported Smith to Ireland on December 1, 2019. She was arrested upon her arrival and charged with a terrorism offense three days later.Paul Reynolds, “Lisa Smith charged with committing terrorist offence,” RTÉ News, December 4, 2019, https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2019/1204/1096941-lisa-smith/. Smith was released on conditional bail later that month.“Lisa Smith is granted bail, release expected tomorrow,” RTÉ News, December 19, 2019, https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2019/1219/1102191-lisa-smith/; Tom Tuite, “SMITH BAIL Lisa Smith to be banned from using social media under strict bail conditions as IS accused to reside in north east,” Irish Sun (Dublin), December 19, 2019, https://www.thesun.ie/news/4906144/lisa-smith-banned-social-media-bail/. In July 2020, she was subject to an additional charge of terror financing. Smith remains free on bail.Tom Tuite, “ISIS suspect Lisa Smith handed additional charge of terrorist financing,” Irish Examiner (Cork), July 24, 2020, https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/courtandcrime/arid-40021364.html. Her trial began in January 2022.Conor Gallagher, “Lisa Smith was vulnerable and ‘wanted to belong’, opening day of trial told,” Irish Times (Dublin), January 25, 2022, https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/courts/lisa-smith-was-vulnerable-and-wanted-to-belong-opening-day-of-trial-told-1.4785352. On May 30, 2022, the Special Criminal Court in Dublin found Smith guilty of membership in a foreign terrorist organization.Eoin Reynolds, “COURT FINDING Lisa Smith found GUILTY of membership of terror organisation ISIS by Special Criminal Court,” Irish Sun, May 30, 2022, https://www.thesun.ie/news/8873262/lisa-smith-guilty-terrorist-membership-isis/. That July, Smith was sentenced to 15 months in prison.“Lisa Smith: Ex-soldier turned IS member gets 15 month sentence,” BBC News, July 22, 2022, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62264471.

Smith grew up in a Catholic home in Dundalk, Ireland.Gareth Morgan and Tom Brady, “Who is Lisa Smith? From ‘party girl’ to Muslim housewife in Syrian camp,” Irish Independent (Dublin), March 9, 2019, https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/who-is-lisa-smith-from-party-girl-to-muslim-housewife-in-syrian-camp-37894889.html. She joined the Irish Defence Forces at age 19 and worked in the Air Corps.“Joining IS ‘wasn’t worth it; we failed’, says Lisa Smith,” RTÉ News, July 18, 2019, https://www.rte.ie/news/2019/0718/1063666-lisa-smith/. Smith told the BBC that she became depressed after her decade of military service in Ireland and began abusing alcohol and drugs.Norma Costello, “The secret life of Irish jihadist Lisa Smith,” The Times (London), October 6, 2019, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-secret-life-of-irish-jidahist-lisa-smith-d95qpx8mq; “IS bride Lisa Smith denies training girls to become fighters,” BBC News, July 5, 2019, https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-middle-east-48871393/is-bride-lisa-smith-denies-training-girls-to-become-fighters. While in the military, she began a spiritual search that led her to learn more about Islam. According to Smith, she used to hate Muslims and considered them terrorists, but she began to make Muslim friends online and in person who introduced her to the religion. The Quran resonated with her, she told Irish media. Smith said she studied the Quran for several months and discovered the peacefulness of Islam. She also claimed she learned that her previous views of Muslims as terrorists had been based on lies.Gareth Morgan and Tom Brady, “Who is Lisa Smith? From ‘party girl’ to Muslim housewife in Syrian camp,” Irish Independent (Dublin), March 9, 2019, https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/who-is-lisa-smith-from-party-girl-to-muslim-housewife-in-syrian-camp-37894889.html; Norma Costello, “My struggles with depression brought me to Islam, says ‘Isil bride’ Smith,” Irish Independent (Dublin), April 8, 2019, https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/my-struggles-with-depression-brought-me-to-islam-says-isil-bride-smith-37992111.html.

Smith reportedly began preaching more about Islam while at work. She converted to Islam in 2011 and resigned from the military shortly after. Smith moved in with a Muslim friend and embraced the ultra-conservative Salafi version of Islam as she began visiting online jihadist forums. She married an Irish Algerian but divorced him after three months because he did not share her increasingly jihadist outlook. Smith then married an Iraqi mechanic, which also soon ended in divorce. Smith received a Shahada certificate from the mosque in Clonskeagh, a small suburb of Dublin, Ireland, and made the hajj pilgrimage to Mecca. In December 2012, she visited Tunisia and dressed in an abaya and niqab. Smith also took photos holding rifles.Norma Costello, “The secret life of Irish jihadist Lisa Smith,” The Times (London), October 6, 2019, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-secret-life-of-irish-jidahist-lisa-smith-d95qpx8mq; “IS bride Lisa Smith denies training girls to become fighters,” BBC News, July 5, 2019, https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-middle-east-48871393/is-bride-lisa-smith-denies-training-girls-to-become-fighters.

After her return to Ireland, Smith began to encourage other Muslim women to radicalize. She Smith continued to explore jihadism online, which led her to the American convert and ISIS foreign fighter John Georgelas, who traveled to Syria in 2013 and reportedly became “the most important and prominent American” in ISIS.Norma Costello, “The secret life of Irish jihadist Lisa Smith,” The Times (London), October 6, 2019, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-secret-life-of-irish-jidahist-lisa-smith-d95qpx8mq; Norma Costello, “RETURN LETTER IS bride Lisa Smith formally requests repatriation to Ireland as lawyers ask for emergency documents,” Irish Sun (Dublin), August 4, 2019, https://www.thesun.ie/news/4402099/lisa-smith-requests-repatriation-ireland/; Graeme Wood, “The American Climbing the Ranks of ISIS,” Atlantic, updated January 25, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/03/the-american-leader-in-the-islamic-state/510872/. Then based in Egypt, Georgelas encouraged Smith to join him and his wife, Tania, in moving to Turkey. From there, the three migrated to Syria in 2013. There, Smith married a Tunisian al-Qaeda fighter. They traveled to Tunisia in 2014 but soon divorced because he wanted to stay home.Norma Costello, “The secret life of Irish jihadist Lisa Smith,” The Times (London), October 6, 2019, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-secret-life-of-irish-jidahist-lisa-smith-d95qpx8mq; Norma Costello, “Gardai told of Isis bride Lisa Smith back in 2015,” The Times (London), August 11, 2019, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/gardai-told-of-isis-bride-lisa-smith-back-in-2015-cwr36hmxd.

Smith returned to Ireland in September 2014 and continued to communicate with Georgelas in Syria, where he became an influential member of ISIS. In 2015, a member of Smith’s mosque in Ireland alerted authorities about her increasingly extremist views.Norma Costello, “Gardai told of Isis bride Lisa Smith back in 2015,” The Times (London), August 11, 2019, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/gardai-told-of-isis-bride-lisa-smith-back-in-2015-cwr36hmxd. Smith returned to Syria at the age of 33. She married a British foreign fighter named Sajid Aslam, with whom Smith had a daughter, Raqaya. Aslam allegedly died fighting in Syria in early 2019.Norma Costello, “The secret life of Irish jihadist Lisa Smith,” The Times (London), October 6, 2019, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-secret-life-of-irish-jidahist-lisa-smith-d95qpx8mq; “IS bride Lisa Smith denies training girls to become fighters,” BBC News, July 5, 2019, https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-middle-east-48871393/is-bride-lisa-smith-denies-training-girls-to-become-fighters.

Smith told Irish media outlet RTÉ that life in ISIS’s so-called caliphate was not how she had imagined it would be. Smith said that people came to the caliphate with idyllic illusions that never materialized and she was angry and confused over how people “failed so badly” to create the optimal caliphate.“Joining IS ‘wasn’t worth it; we failed’, says Lisa Smith,” RTÉ News, July 18, 2019, https://www.rte.ie/news/2019/0718/1063666-lisa-smith/. Smith insisted in an interview with British media that she never picked up a gun and that ISIS would not allow her to fight even if she had volunteered.Guy Birchall, “‘I’M NO KILLER’ ISIS bride who ‘trained fighters in Syria’ begs to come home to Ireland with daughter, 2, and promises ‘I won’t kill anyone,’” Sun (London), July 5, 2019, https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/9444617/isis-bride-who-trained-fighters-in-syria-begs-to-come-home-to-ireland-with-daughter-2-and-promises-i-wont-kill-anyone/. She has denied accusations that she used her military background to train other young women in ISIS to become fighters.“IS bride Lisa Smith denies training girls to become fighters,” BBC News, July 5, 2019, https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-middle-east-48871393/is-bride-lisa-smith-denies-training-girls-to-become-fighters.

Smith reportedly surrendered to Kurdish forces in the spring of 2019 after the collapse of ISIS’s last territorial hold in Syria.Michelle Hennessy, “Lisa Smith will be subject to security assessment on arrival in Ireland,” The Journal (Dublin), November 12, 2019, https://www.thejournal.ie/lisa-smith-security-assessment-4888274-Nov2019/; Norma Costello, “The secret life of Irish jidahist Lisa Smith,” The Times (London), October 6, 2019, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-secret-life-of-irish-jidahist-lisa-smith-d95qpx8mq. Smith was held in the al-Hawl refugee camp near Syria’s border with Iraq. The camp is known for housing ISIS wives and children. She was then transferred with her then-2-year-old daughter to the Kurdish-run Ain Issa refugee camp, near Syria’s border with Turkey. Smith told RTÉ in July 2019 that authorities had told her the transfer would be temporary and she would soon be deported back to Ireland. She then claimed that she had been lied to and forced to stay in the Ain Issa camp. Smith has told multiple British and Irish media outlets that she wants to return home and she does not pose a threat.“Joining IS ‘wasn’t worth it; we failed’, says Lisa Smith,” RTÉ News, July 18, 2019, https://www.rte.ie/news/2019/0718/1063666-lisa-smith/; Guy Birchall, “‘I’M NO KILLER’ ISIS bride who ‘trained fighters in Syria’ begs to come home to Ireland with daughter, 2, and promises ‘I won’t kill anyone,’” Sun (London), July 5, 2019, https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/9444617/isis-bride-who-trained-fighters-in-syria-begs-to-come-home-to-ireland-with-daughter-2-and-promises-i-wont-kill-anyone/. The FBI also met frequently with Smith while she was in custody because of her ties to Georgelas.Norma Costello, “IS CONTACT FBI probe IS bride Lisa Smith’s links to prominent US jihadi John Georgelas – who has been dubbed the ‘IS Goebbels,’” Irish Sun (Dublin), July 23, 2019, https://www.thesun.ie/news/4356285/fbi-probe-lisa-smith-us-jihadi-john-georgelas/. Smith told media that she did not know the extent of Georgelas’s involvement with ISIS.Norma Costello, “Gardai told of Isis bride Lisa Smith back in 2015,” The Times (London), August 11, 2019, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/gardai-told-of-isis-bride-lisa-smith-back-in-2015-cwr36hmxd.

Some 13,000 refugees, including hundreds of ISIS families, were held at Ain Issa. Smith and her daughter were among an estimated 800 ISIS prisoners who reportedly escaped the camp after a Turkish offensive against it in October 2019. A Turkish-backed militia then captured Smith and her daughter while they were traveling north.Conor Gallagher, “Turkey to deport Lisa Smith and her daughter to Ireland,” Irish Times (Dublin), November 11, 2019, https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/turkey-to-deport-lisa-smith-and-her-daughter-to-ireland-1.4079261; “Turkey-Syria offensive: ‘Hundreds’ of IS relatives escape camp,” BBC News, October 13, 2019, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50029540.

According to Irish authorities, Smith is a “person of interest” in an investigation into crimes committed under Ireland’s Criminal Justice (Terrorist Offences) Act 2005, which bans engagement in terrorist activity in or outside the state.Conor Gallagher, “Turkey to deport Lisa Smith and her daughter to Ireland,” Irish Times (Dublin), November 11, 2019, https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/turkey-to-deport-lisa-smith-and-her-daughter-to-ireland-1.4079261. Smith told the BBC that she wants to return to Ireland to raise her daughter and give her an education. She has insisted that she is not a threat and has no intention of harming anyone.“IS bride Lisa Smith denies training girls to become fighters,” BBC News, July 5, 2019, https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-middle-east-48871393/is-bride-lisa-smith-denies-training-girls-to-become-fighters. Smith’s status in Ireland remains undetermined. Irish authorities revealed in October 2019 that they were investigating Smith for terrorism offenses.Luke Byrne, “ISIS bride Lisa Smith being investigated by gardai for terrorist offences,” Independent (Dublin), October 10, 2019, https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/news/isis-bride-lisa-smith-being-investigated-by-gardai-for-terrorist-offences-38582770.html. Smith’s deportation was reportedly delayed because the Turkish government insisted their security officials interview Smith about her time with ISIS.Conor Gallagher, “Turkey to deport Lisa Smith and her daughter to Ireland,” Irish Times (Dublin), November 11, 2019, https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/turkey-to-deport-lisa-smith-and-her-daughter-to-ireland-1.4079261.

On November 11, 2019, Turkish officials announced that Smith’s interrogation was nearly complete, and she would be deported to Ireland within weeks.Conor Gallagher, “Turkey to deport Lisa Smith and her daughter to Ireland,” Irish Times (Dublin), November 11, 2019, https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/turkey-to-deport-lisa-smith-and-her-daughter-to-ireland-1.4079261. Ireland’s Department of Foreign Affairs issued Smith and her daughter emergency documents so they could return to Ireland. Irish security officials were reportedly generating a risk assessment of Smith, who would be subject to further interviews upon her return.Michelle Hennessy, “Lisa Smith will be subject to security assessment on arrival in Ireland,” The Journal (Dublin), November 12, 2019, https://www.thejournal.ie/lisa-smith-security-assessment-4888274-Nov2019/.

Turkey deported Smith and her daughter on December 1, 2019. Smith was arrest upon her arrival in Dublin later that day.“Lisa Smith refused bail after being charged with an offence under terror legislation,” The Journal (Dublin), December 4, 2019, https://www.thejournal.ie/lisa-smith-charged-4917721-Dec2019/; Schams Elwazer, Peter Taggart, and Tara John, “Irish ‘ISIS bride’ Lisa Smith in custody in Dublin,” CNN, December 1, 2019, https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/01/europe/isis-lisa-smith-dublin-intl/index.html. On December 4, Smith appeared at the District Court at the Criminal Courts of Justice in Dublin, where she was charged with committing a terrorist offense outside the state between October 2015 and December 2019. The court refused bail but said it would recommend Smith be separated from the general population in prison for her own safety after a request from her lawyer.Paul Reynolds, “Lisa Smith charged with committing terrorist offence,” RTÉ News, December 4, 2019, https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2019/1204/1096941-lisa-smith/.

Smith was transferred to an isolated wing of Ireland’s Limerick Prison, where she reportedly spent 20 hours a day in solitary confinement.Isabella Nikolic, “Irish suspected ISIS bride Lisa Smith, 38, spends 20 hours a day locked in her cell in solitary confinement at Limerick Prison,” Daily Mail (London), December 15, 2019, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7794757/Irish-suspected-ISIS-bride-Lisa-Smith-38-spends-20-hours-day-locked-cell.html. Despite the court’s initial refusal, Smith was granted bail on December 19 and released the following day. Smith was subjected to several restrictions as part of her bail conditions, including checking in with police twice a day and a curfew between 8 p.m. and 7 a.m. She was barred from social media and Internet use in general. The court also required Smith to obtain a new mobile phone upon her release and provide the number to the police. Failure to answer immediately if authorities call would constitute a bail violation. Police investigators cited Smith’s potential flight risk in objecting to her bail. Smith’s passport had previously been confiscated and the court forbade her from applying for new travel documents under her bail conditions.“Lisa Smith is granted bail, release expected tomorrow,” RTÉ News, December 19, 2019, https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2019/1219/1102191-lisa-smith/; Tom Tuite, “SMITH BAIL Lisa Smith to be banned from using social media under strict bail conditions as IS accused to reside in north east,” Irish Sun (Dublin), December 19, 2019, https://www.thesun.ie/news/4906144/lisa-smith-banned-social-media-bail/.

Smith was released in December 2019. The court forbade media from publishing where exactly Smith would live while on bail, but she reportedly planned to reside in northeastern Ireland.“Lisa Smith is granted bail, release expected tomorrow,” RTÉ News, December 19, 2019, https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2019/1219/1102191-lisa-smith/; Tom Tuite, “SMITH BAIL Lisa Smith to be banned from using social media under strict bail conditions as IS accused to reside in north east,” Irish Sun (Dublin), December 19, 2019, https://www.thesun.ie/news/4906144/lisa-smith-banned-social-media-bail/. Smith returned to Dublin District Court on July 24, 2020, when prosecutors levied an additional charge of terror financing against her. The charge is in connection with €800 in assistance she provided via a Western Union account in 2015.Tom Tuite, “ISIS suspect Lisa Smith handed additional charge of terrorist financing,” Irish Examiner (Cork), July 24, 2020, https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/courtandcrime/arid-40021364.html.

In April 2021, Smith appealed a U.K. travel ban to London’s Special Immigration Appeals Commission (SIAC) so she could visit her father and other family in Belfast, Northern Ireland. SIAC granted her appeal the following month.Jack Power, “Lisa Smith allowed to travel to North ‘at her convenience’, says solicitor,” Irish Times (Dublin), May 7, 2021, https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/lisa-smith-allowed-to-travel-to-north-at-her-convenience-says-solicitor-1.4558292. Smith was scheduled to begin her trial on January 11, 2022. The trial was postponed that day when her lawyers announced their intention to file to dismiss the charges against Smith under Section 4(E) of Ireland’s Criminal Procedure Act, which allows the court to dismiss a charge if it finds there is not a sufficient case against the accused. Presiding Justice Tony Hunt permitted the application and adjourned the court until January 17 for a hearing on the dismissal.Robin Schiller, “Lawyers for alleged IS member Lisa Smith to make application to have charges against her dismissed next week,” Independent (Dublin), January 11, 2022, https://www.independent.ie/news/lawyers-for-alleged-is-member-lisa-smith-to-make-application-to-have-charges-against-her-dismissed-next-week-41228981.html. On January 24, 2022, the Special Criminal Court rejected the application from Smith’s lawyers. According to Justice Tony Hunt, the defense failed to show there was insufficient evidence to secure a conviction. Hunt added it was not possible to draw the conclusions that the case was “doomed to fail” or there was “nothing to see here.”James Ward, “Lisa Smith trial to begin after court rejects bid to dismiss terror charges,” Irish Examiner (Cork), January 24, 2022, https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/courtandcrime/arid-40791957.html.

Smith’s non-jury trial proceeded on January 25, 2022, with Hunt presiding over a three-judge panel, which also included Judge Gerard Griffin and Judge Cormac Dunne. Smith pleaded not guilty to joining an unlawful foreign terrorist organization between October 28, 2015, and December 1, 2019. Smith also pleaded not guilty to financing terrorism by sending €800 in assistance, via a Western Union money transfer, to a named man on May 6, 2015, for the benefit of the same organization—ISIS. The prosecution opened its case by declaring the intent to show Smith sought to “live under sharia law and die a martyr.”Conor Gallagher, “Lisa Smith was vulnerable and ‘wanted to belong’, opening day of trial told,” Irish Times (Dublin), January 25, 2022, https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/courts/lisa-smith-was-vulnerable-and-wanted-to-belong-opening-day-of-trial-told-1.4785352; Robin Schiller, “Lisa Smith described Irish Government as ‘shower of b******s’, witness tells ex-soldier’s terror trial,” Irish Independent (Dublin), February 28, 2022, https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/courts/lisa-smith-described-irish-government-as-shower-of-bs-witness-tells-ex-soldiers-terror-trial-41394353.html.

As the trial proceeded, witnesses recalled hearing Smith negatively describe the Irish government and make other anti-Western statements while serving in the Irish military through 2013. One witness serving in the military with Smith testified to hearing her make anti-Western statements in February 2011, while Smith was converting to Islam. According to that testimony, Smith declared Islam “is the way forward.”Robin Schiller, “Lisa Smith described Irish Government as ‘shower of b******s’, witness tells ex-soldier’s terror trial,” Irish Independent (Dublin), February 28, 2022, https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/courts/lisa-smith-described-irish-government-as-shower-of-bs-witness-tells-ex-soldiers-terror-trial-41394353.html. The witness also claimed Smith showed him extremist videos on YouTube, including some featuring the Taliban. According to testimony from an Australian counterterrorism agent, Smith belonged to the “We Hear We Obey” Facebook group, which was overseen by Australian radical preacher Musa Cerantonio, who was arrested in 2016 for attempting to join ISIS.Robin Schiller, “Lisa Smith described Irish Government as ‘shower of b******s’, witness tells ex-soldier’s terror trial,” Irish Independent (Dublin), February 28, 2022, https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/courts/lisa-smith-described-irish-government-as-shower-of-bs-witness-tells-ex-soldiers-terror-trial-41394353.html. A childhood friend of Smith’s testified Smith “blindly followed” what she what she read online.Robin Schiller, “Islamic State suspect Lisa Smith ‘interested in more harsh side of Islam’ – childhood friend tells trial,” Irish Independent (Dublin), January 26, 2022, https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/courts/islamic-state-suspect-lisa-smith-interested-in-more-harsh-side-of-islam-childhood-friend-tells-trial-41280389.html. According to the testimony, Smith would justify suicide bombings and appeared interested in the “more harsh” and political side of Islam.Robin Schiller, “Islamic State suspect Lisa Smith ‘interested in more harsh side of Islam’ – childhood friend tells trial,” Irish Independent (Dublin), January 26, 2022, https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/courts/islamic-state-suspect-lisa-smith-interested-in-more-harsh-side-of-islam-childhood-friend-tells-trial-41280389.html. The prosecution has utilized Smith’s Facebook conversations and other online activities in their case. Smith’s attorneys have argued that Facebook violated privacy rights by indefinitely storing users’ personal conversations on the platform’s messenger service, and thus the prosecution should not be able to use these conversations as evidence.Eoin Reynolds, “Lisa Smith trial hears claims Facebook in 'wholesale breach of privacy rights,’” Irish Mirror (Dublin), March 2, 2022, https://www.irishmirror.ie/news/irish-news/lisa-smith-trial-hears-claims-26369703.

On May 30, 2022, the Special Criminal Court in Dublin found Lisa Smith guilty of membership in a foreign terrorist organization. Although Smith was found not guilty of trying to finance ISIS.Eoin Reynolds, “COURT FINDING Lisa Smith found GUILTY of membership of terror organisation ISIS by Special Criminal Court,” Irish Sun, May 30, 2022, https://www.thesun.ie/news/8873262/lisa-smith-guilty-terrorist-membership-isis/. On July 22, 2022, the Special Criminal Court in Dublin sentenced Smith to 15 months in prison. The court accepted Smith’s devotion to her daughter and thus did not believe she would present a future danger.“Lisa Smith: Ex-soldier turned IS member gets 15 month sentence,” BBC News, July 22, 2022, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62264471.