“[Hizb ut-Tahrir] was established in 1960 in Turkey and when we started speaking about the caliphate in 1967 it was the first time the word had been brought back into Turkish public space since 1924. Once the idea of a caliphate was out in the open again, Islamist movements in line with the Muslim Brotherhood started emerging in Turkey.”Pinar Tremblay, “Turks increasingly sympathetic to Islamic State,” Al-Monitor, November 10, 2014, http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/11/turkey-growing-support-for-isis-caliphate.html.